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geography > resources > Flashcards

resources Flashcards

1
Q

what is a resource

A

things that people use and some resources are essential for survival e.g. food, energy and water

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2
Q

3 resources people need

A

food
energy
water

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3
Q

what is undernutrition

A

a poorly balanced diet lacking in vitamins and minerals

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4
Q

how does food affect wellbeing (positive and negative)

A

negative:
-undernutrition —> leads to illness —> illness means inability to work

positive:
-food means people live for longer as health is better —> this makes they work longer —> more taxes are paid

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5
Q

which continent has the most undernourished people

A

africa

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6
Q

why is water such an important resource

A

-drinking
-agriculture
-industry

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7
Q

how does water affect economic and social (negative)

A

economic - woman and girls walk miles to collect water each day —> can’t go to school or work —> won’t earn much

social —> drinking dirty water can impact health —> diarrhoea and cholera which means life expectancy is short —> people unable to go to school etc

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8
Q

how does energy affect economic and social wellbeing (positive and negative)

A

economic —> having energy resources such as oil means that countries can sell it to make money —> creates jobs

social —> burning fossil fuels leads to air pollution which has health impacts —> shorter quality of life

leads to global warming —> sea levels rising due to melting ice caps —> flooding in coastal areas

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9
Q

why is there likely to be a water imbalance in the future

A

variations in climate and rainfall

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10
Q

water scarcity

A

lack of clean water supply to meet demand

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11
Q

in HICs which sector uses the greatest proportion of water

A

industry

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12
Q

in LICs which sector uses the greatest proportion of water

A

agriculture

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13
Q

region with little or no water scarcity

A

north america

europe

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14
Q

region with physical water scarcity

A

middle east

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15
Q

why is world energy consumption increasing

A

countries are developing leading to increased demand in industry e.g homes

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16
Q

which groups of countries are seeing the fastest increase in the demand for energy

A

new emerging economies (NEEs)

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17
Q

why does the UK import so much food

A

-cheap from abroad
-demand for seasonal produce all year
-demand for more choice
-UK climate unsuitable for some foods e.g. bananas

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18
Q

food miles

A

distance food has to travel before it reaches the consumer

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19
Q

what is a carbon footprint

A

the measure of carbon dioxide produced by certain activities

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20
Q

how does food generate a carbon footprint

A

-producing, processing and packaging food releases CO2

-food needs transporting which releases emissions

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21
Q

how is the UK reducing carbon footprint

A

-encouraging people to buy locally
-subsistence farming (growing own food)
-limit UK food imports
-agribusiness

22
Q

what is food security

A

having enough food to feed a population

23
Q

what is agribusiness

A

application of business skills to agriculture

24
Q

what is organic produce

A

food grown without the use of chemicals (fertilisers and pesticides)

25
Q

why will demand for water in the UK continue to increase

A

-increasing population
-more houses being built —> more water intensive appliances are being used e.g. washing machines

26
Q

what is meant by a water surplus

A

where the supply of water exceeds demand

27
Q

water deficit

A

where demand for water exceeds supply

28
Q

where in the UK is there a water surplus

A

the north and west

29
Q

where in the UK is there a water deficit

A

the south and east

30
Q

3 ways that water can be saved

A

using recycled water
more efficient use of household appliances e.g. washing machines
household water meters

31
Q

what is grey water

A

water that has already been used within a household

32
Q

how can grey water be used again

A

watering plants
flushing toilets

33
Q

energy mix

A

range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non renewable

34
Q

food industry before and after

A

before —> grown locally

after —> 47% of UKs food supply was imported in 2013

35
Q

positives of importing food

A

-jobs created in farming, packaging and transport
-taxes are created for the government

36
Q

negatives of importing food

A

crops need huge amounts of water

37
Q

what are water transfer schemes

A

water is moved from an area of surplus to an area of deficit using underground pipes

38
Q

why do people oppose water transfer schemes

A

-damage habitats
-expensive
-release greenhouse gases when pumping water over long distances

39
Q

how does environment agency manage water quality

A

monitoring river water quality
removing sediment from water
restricting recreational uses so it’s not contaminated

40
Q

what causes groundwater pollution

A

• Chemicals from mines
• Industrial sites
• Fertilisers from farms runoff into water
• Warm water from power stations

41
Q

Why has demand for energy in the UK declined in recent years?

A

• Decline of heavy industry
• More energy being conserved e.g. low energy appliances, efficient cars

42
Q

How has the Uk’s energy mix changed?

A

• In the past - more reliance on coal
• Now - less coal used. Gas and renewables form a large proportion of energy mix.

43
Q

energy security

A

When a country generates enough of its own energy without relying on imports

44
Q

Coal use has declined over time but why will fossil fuels remain important to the UK?

A

• Still plenty of coal reserves left
• It is cheap to import

45
Q

what is fracking

A

The process of extracting shale gas from under the ground

46
Q

how does fracking work

A

High pressure liquids are pumped underground to release gas trapped within sedimentary
rock.

47
Q

Why is fracking controversial?

A

• Drilling can trigger earthquakes
• Can pollute underground water sources
• Expensive process

48
Q

What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power?

A
  • Expensive to build
  • Costs a lot to produce the electricity
  • Expensive to shut down when complete
    + Building —> jobs
49
Q

What are the environmental impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power

A
  • Radioactive waste needs to be carefully stored.
  • Warm waste water can harm ecosystems
50
Q

What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of wind farms?

A
  • cost a lot to build
  • unattractive so less people spending money in local economy
    + some wind farms attract tourists
51
Q

What are the environmental impacts (+ and -) of wind farms?

A

+ Reduced gas emissions
- Some noise pollution from the turbines
- Construction can harm the environment

geography (13 decks)

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