Urinary System Flashcards
(24 cards)
What organ is responsible for making urine?
kidney
What are other functions of the kidney that don’t include making urine?
*remove waste and toxins from the blood
*conserves glucose, water, and electrolytes
*helps maintain osmotic and PH balance in blood
*Secrete hormones
* blood volume
What hormones do the kidneys release or secrete?
erythropoietin, renin, and angiotensin
What does the hormone erythropoietin do?
promotes red blood cell production in bone marrow
What does the hormone angiotensinogen do?
What does the hormone renin do?
helps maintain blood pressure
what are the two types of nephrons?
Juxtameduallary and cortical nephrons
What is unique about the juxtamedullary nephrons?
enable kidneys to make concentrated urine
what is unique about the cortical nephrons?
*most abundant type of nephron
* related to efferent arterioles
* responsible for the majority of reabsorption and secretion
DCT( distal convoluted tubules)
have juxtaglomerular complex/ capillaries that secrete hormones
* active in the secretion of ions, drugs, toxins, and acids
*selective reabsorption of Na+ Ca2+
*assists in concentrating fluid
simple cuboidal cells
What hormones does the juxtaglomerular complex secrete?
EPO and renin
What is the papillary duct function?
dump the urine in minor calyx
Collecting ducts or system
*merges to become papillary duct
* last place to determine volume, osmotic concentration, and fluid composition
* columnar cells*
What creates capsular colloid osmotic pressure?
created by proteins/plasma proteins leaked into filtrate due to damaged glomerulus vesels in the bowmen’s capsule
Why is urine concentrated?
to prevent the body from losing too much water
What are the 3 main waste products that are found in urine?
- Urea: Most abundant ( breakdown of amino acids/ Liver)
- Creatine: breakdown of creatine phosphate/ Skeletal muscle
*Uric Acid: recycling of nitrogenous bases from RNA
What is the consequence of proteins entering the filtrate due to high capsular osmotic pressure?
promotes higher filtration and higher fluid loss
What does the hormone ADH do?
It affects DCT to allow aquaporins, increased absorption, increased blood volume/pressure
What does the hormone aldosterone do?
Controls the increased movement of Na+ and the removal of K+
urea reabsorb and removal of Cl- for HCO3
What is the waste prodcut produces by the breakdown of amino acids?
urea
What is the collecting duct and peritubular relationship?
What is the waste product produced by the breakdown of creatine-phospate in the muscles?
creatine
