urology

Question 1

what are the different types of urinary incontinence?

Answer 1

urge incontinence - uncontolled leakage with intense desire to void

stress incontinence - leakage of urine caused by things like laugh, sneeze, cough, exertion; dt laxity in pelvic floor muscles

overflow incontinence - urinary retention with intermittent leakage from overly distended bladder

Question 2

cryptorchidism has an increased risk for what?

Answer 2

infertility
testicular malignancy

Question 3

what is peyroneie’s dz

Answer 3

acquired penile abnormality dt fibrosis of the tunical albunginea

sx: curvature with erections +/- pain, often with palpable plaques

Question 4

what medications are used to treat BPH?

Question 5

alpha blockers - how do they work, SE?

Question 6

5 -alpha-reductase inhibitors - how do they work, SE?

Question 7

phospodiesterase-5 inhibitors - how do they work, SE?

Question 8

+phren’s sign: what is it and what is it associated with?

Answer 8

elevation of scrotum relieves pain

assoc. with epidydimitis

Question 9

causitive organism and tx for epidydimitis

Answer 9

< 35 y/o: gohnorrhea/chlamydia, tx with ceftriaxone x doxy

> 35 y/o: e. coli, tx with fluoriquinolones

Question 10

orchitis can be a complication following what?

Answer 10

mumps or coxackie B virus

Question 11

1st line abx for acute prostatitis

Answer 11

bactrim or fluoroquinolone

Question 12

what type of urethritis is assoc with thick, purulent discharge? clear?

Answer 12

purulent - gonococcal

non-gonococcal (chlamydia, m. gen - tx with doxy or azythro)

Question 13

older adult with UTI, what 1st line abx should be used with caution in this population and why?

Answer 13

nitrofurantoin –> need to check creatinine clearance

Question 14

tx for uncomplicated vs complicated pyelo

Answer 14

uncomplicated
- 1st: fluoroquinolones
- 2nd: bactrim

complicated
- IV fluoroquinolones, ampicillin, 3rd gen ceph
*tx for 14 days

Question 15

what are risk factors for bladder cancer?

Answer 15

smoking
occupational exposure - rubber, dye, leather

Question 16

testicular cancer - who gets it, risk factors, mc type

Question 17

what tumor markers are used in the w/u for testicular cancer

Answer 17

beta-HCG, AFP, LDH

Question 18

priapism - ischemic vs non-ischemic

Question 19

phimosis vs paraphimosis - which one puts pt at risk for ischemia/gangrene?

Question 20

what reflex is lost in testicular torsion

Answer 20

cremasteric reflex