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Flashcards in Urology phys Deck (28)
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1
Q

what cells produce testosterone

A

leydig cells

begins in 8th week and peaks at 12-14 and then declines until puberty

2
Q

when should testes descend

A

descend into scrotum right before birth

3
Q

tell me about the testes descent

A

AMH is produced (7-12 weeks) which descend the testes into the inguinal area. Then testosterone is prod (7-9 months) and descends them into the scrotum (tunica vaginalis). The descent is through the inguinal canal. If that canal doesn’t close after descent then the male is at risk of hernias

4
Q

muscles of scrotum

A

dartos muscle- wrinkles

cremaster muscle- elevates

5
Q

what 2 things control temp for testes

A

muscles which pull and let down testes

how the veins cool the arteries

6
Q

where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

7
Q

where does sperm mature

A

epididymis

8
Q

where are sperm stored

A

ampula in vas deferens

9
Q

how long can sperm live in vas deferens

A

42 days

this is important cause if someone gets an vasectomy then they can still have sperm in there for 42 days

10
Q

seminal vessicles

A
produce fructose (energy for sperm)
produce protoglandin (causes uterus and fallopian tubes to contract pushing the sperm towards the eggs)
11
Q

prostate gland

A

secretes alkaline fluid

12
Q

bulbourethral glands (cowpers glands)

A

secretes alkaline fluid

13
Q

3 sections of penis

A

2 corpora cavernosa

1 corpus spongiosum

14
Q

what 2 things does the testes produce

A

testosterone and sperm

15
Q

leydig cells

A

these are stimulated by LH
when stimulated they produce testosterone
negative feedback from testosterone (inhibits both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary)

16
Q

sertoli cells

A

FSH stimulates these cells
when stimulated they start spermatogenesis (need testosterone too for spermatogenesis to happen)
produce androgen binding protein, plasminogen activator, and inhibin
inhibin causes negative feedback

17
Q

what does plasminogen activator do

A

helps release the sperm from sertoli cells

18
Q

effects of testosterone

A

initiation and maintenance of body of body changes during puberty
promote Hgb synthesis
responsible for spermatogenesis

19
Q

what hormone is responsible to determine if male or female

A

testosterone

20
Q

Most common cause of female pseudohemaphroditism

A

adrenal hyperplasia

21
Q

what can cause Pseudohermaphroditism in males

A

testicular feminizing syndrome (normal functioning testes but lack of receptors for testosterone)

22
Q

causes of low testosterone

A
kleinfelters disease- most common
Hypogonadism
Trauma to Leydig cells
Mumps
RX/Chemo
Testicular tumors
HIV/AIDS
ETOH (beer)
23
Q

when does sperm become motile

A

in epidimis

24
Q

oligospermia

A

< 20 million/ml

decreased fertility caused by heat, pharmaceuticals, and illicit drugs

25
Q

what 2 things can be used for contraception for males

A

testosterone

progesterone and GnRH antagonist

26
Q

where does spermatogenesis begin

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

27
Q

how long does sperm last once ejaculated

A

24-48 hrs

28
Q

what number of sperm is a warning for infertility

A

70 million

avg normal is 400 million