Uworld10

Question 1

when do you give packed red blood cell transfusions

Answer 1

acute GI bleeding patients with Hb less than 7

unstable pt with Hb less than 9

Question 2

what lobe is involved in Hemi-neglet syndrome

Answer 2

right (non-dominant) parietal lobe

Question 3

difference in chronic mitral regurgitation and acute

Answer 3

chronic: change in left atrial or ventricular size and/or compliance
acute: excessive volume overload, elevated left atrial and ventricular filling pressures

Question 4

penicillin treatment for syphlilis is someone is allergic to penicillin

Answer 4

• give doxycycline, if allergic reaction is life threatening (throat swelling up)
• desensitization to penicillin done in pregnancy or multiple treatment failures, or central nervous system syphilis

Question 5

very very very first thing to do in infective endocarditits

Answer 5

blood cultures

Question 6

Dilutional hyponatremia with appropriately suppressed ADH occurs in what syndrome

Answer 6

free water intake

psychogenic polydipsia

Question 7

what are common but nonspecific findings for primary autoimmune adrenalitits

Answer 7

esosinophilia and hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue

Question 8

An elderly patient with evidence of osteolytic lesions on X-ray indicate? screening test? diagnostic test?

Answer 8

• multiple myeloma
• Protein electrophoresis/ urine protein electrophoresis / free light chain analysis
• bone marrow biopsy

Question 9

Type 1 MEN

Answer 9

Primary hyperparathyroidism
Pituitary tumors
Pancreatic tumors

Question 10

Type2A MEN

Answer 10

Medullary thyroid cancer (calcitonin)
Pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia

Question 11

Type 2B MEN

Answer 11

Medullary thyroid cancer (calcitonin)
Pheochromocytoma
Mucosal neuromas/marfanoid habitus

Question 12

HIV retinopathy

Answer 12

cotton-wool retinal lesions

Question 13

toxoplasmic chorioretinitis

Answer 13

eye pain and decreased vision

Question 14

really the only treatment for septic embolic events in patients with native valve infective endocarditis

Answer 14

antibiotics

Surgery if really bad or not getting better

Question 15

underlying histopathologic lesion for sarcoidosis

Answer 15

noncaseating granulomas on tissue biopsy

Chronic granulomatous inflammation

Question 16

necrotizing pulmonary vasculitis

Answer 16

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Question 17

Does Myxomatous valve degeneration cause systemic systems?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

S. Bovis and S. gallolyticus

Answer 18

colon cancer

Question 19

Strep. sanguinis

Answer 19

infective endocarditis

Question 20

most common cause of abnormal hemostasis in patients with chronic renal failure?

Answer 20

platelet dysfunction

Question 21

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Answer 21

reactivation of JC virus
AMS
motor deficits 
ataxia 
vision abnormalities

Question 22

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Answer 22

chronic decline in multiple cognitive domains

mood and behavioral symptoms are common

Question 23

Most common location for Ludwig anigna

Answer 23

mandibular molar

Question 24

superficial unilateral hip pain that is exacerbated by external pressure to the upper lateral thigh (as when lying on the affected side in bed). Middle aged adult

Answer 24

trochanteric burisitis

Question 25

role of femoral nerve

Answer 25

sensation to hip joint and skin of anterior and medial thigh and leg

Question 26

What nerve gives sensation to the upper lateral thigh

Answer 26

lateral femoral cutaneous and/or iliohypogastric nerves

Question 27

frist step in clavicular fracture

Answer 27

neuromuscular examination to rule out underlying bronchial plexus and subclavian artery - get an angiogram

Question 28

treatment for clavicular fracture

Answer 28

traditional: figure-of-eight device, wear sling | cosmetic reason: open reduction and internal fixation

Question 29

triad of fat embolism

Answer 29

respiratory distress neurologic dysfunction (confusion) petechial rash

Question 30

gamekeeper thumb

Answer 30

hyperextend the thumb

Question 31

jersey finger

Answer 31

flexed finger is forcefully extended

Question 32

Mallet finger

Answer 32

extended finger is forcefully flexed

Question 33

felon

Answer 33

abscess in pulp of fingertip

Question 34

bone locations where children may not have great bone remodeling

Answer 34

1. supraconydlar fractures of humorous | 2. fracture of any bone involving growth plate

Question 35

Genu valgus

Answer 35

knock knee | normal between 4-8

Question 36

Genu Varum

Answer 36

bow legs | normal up to age 3

Question 37

Humoral mid-shaft fracture, what is likely injured

Answer 37

radial nerve

Question 38

nerve damage at medial epicondyle

Answer 38

ulnar

Question 39

nerve damage at supracodylar region of humorus

Answer 39

median nerve

Question 40

electrolyte abnormality in Succinylcholine

Answer 40

hyperkalemia

Question 41

adverse effect of halothane

Answer 41

acute liver function

Question 42

Adverse effect of nitrous oxide

Answer 42

inactivated vitamin B12

Question 43

clinical feature of tibial plateau fractures

Answer 43

unable to bear weight on knee

Question 44

drop arm test

Answer 44

rotator cuff injury

Question 45

nerve injury for fracture of surgical neck of humourous

Answer 45

axillary nerve injury

Question 46

inferior trunk of brachial plexus indicates

Answer 46

C8-T1 | Klumpke palsy

Question 47

adhesive capsulitis

Answer 47

decreased passive and active range of motion

Question 48

tenderness in anatomic snuffbox

Answer 48

scaphoid fracture

Question 49

medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 49

shin splits | no point tenderness

Question 50

treatment for stress fracture between 2-4 metatarsal

Answer 50

rest and analgesics

Question 51

treatment for stress fracture between 5metatarsal

Answer 51

casting or internal fixation

Question 52

causes of initial hematuria

Answer 52

urethritis | trauma (catheterization)

Question 53

causes of terminal hematuria

Answer 53

bladder or prostatic damage

Question 54

total hematuria damage causes

Answer 54

kidney or ureter damage

Question 55

what defines oliguria

Answer 55

less than 500 mL of urine in 24 hours

Question 56

Most common reason for newborn boy to not urinate during the first day of life? diagnostic workup

Answer 56

posterior urethral valves | voiding cystourethrogam

Question 57

size matters for urethral stone passage

Answer 57

less than 3 cm --> analgesics, fluids, watchful waiting | greater than. --> extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Question 58

blood in the urethral meatus and high riding prostate? next step?

Answer 58

posterior urethral injury | retrograde urethrogram

Question 59

arterial blood gas for atelectasis

Answer 59

hypoxemia hypocapnia respiratory alkalosis

Question 60

diaphragmatic rupture most commonly occurs on what side

Answer 60

left side

Question 61

what is the blood pressure in tension pneumothorax

Answer 61

hypotensive patient

Question 62

when do children present with diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 62

delayed presentation

Question 63

what is the first step in a bleeding lung

Answer 63

bronchoscopy

Question 64

potential complication of thoracentesis

Answer 64

hemothorax

Question 65

what is a common complication of blunt thoracic trauma?onset? compare it to something else

Answer 65

pulmonary contusion develops in first 24 hours (unilateral) ARDS 24-48 hours after trauma (bilateral)

Question 66

treatment for flail chest

Answer 66

positive airway pressure adequate pain control should be prime objective rib fractures heal without surgery

Question 67

treatment of circumferential burns

Answer 67

escharotomy

Question 68

baby with mass that is deep and immobile

Answer 68

Wilm's or neuroblastoma

Question 69

baby with mass that moves up and down with respiration

Answer 69

liver tumor

Question 70

Cushing reflex

Answer 70

hypertension bradycardia respiratory depression

Question 71

Abducens nerve

Answer 71

CN 7

Question 72

Most common adult primary brain tumor

Answer 72

astrocytoma

Question 73

Tearing of middle meningeal artery

Answer 73

epidural hematoma

Question 74

what motor function does the femoral nerve do

Answer 74

knee extension | hip flexion

Question 75

Obturator nerve

Answer 75

medial compartment of thigh adduction of thigh sensation over medial thigh

Question 76

Tibial nerve

Answer 76

posterior compartment of thigh, leg and plantar muscles of foot

Question 77

After passive abduction of the right arm above the head, the patient is asked to slowly lower his arm; as he is lowering it below horizontal, the arm suddenly drops rapidly, associated with moderate, sharp pain.

Answer 77

rotator cuff problem

Question 78

clinical feature of deltoid wakness

Answer 78

extreme extension

Question 79

Tic douloureux

Answer 79

trigeminal neuralgia

Question 80

Hyperventilation would decrease this patient's intracranial pressure by which of the following mechanism

Answer 80

cerebral vasoconstriction

Question 81

next step in management for acute epididmyitis

Answer 81

ultrasound to rule out testicular torsion

Question 82

The most common cause of urethral injury is

Answer 82

iatrogenic trauma during abdominal surgery

Question 83

treatment for testicular cancer

Answer 83

platinum based chemotherapy

Question 84

testicular "bag of worms"

Answer 84

varicocele

Question 85

pain relief on elevation of testis

Answer 85

epididymis

Question 86

collection of fluid between parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis

Answer 86

testicular hydrocele

Question 87

Management of undescended testicle

Answer 87

has not reached scrotum by age 1 | Orchiopexy

Question 88

Adolescent kid drinks a lot of beer the first time and has colicky flank pain?

Answer 88

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Question 89

acute parotitis most common pathogen

Answer 89

staph aureus

Question 90

Most likely pathogen for prosthetic joint infection, less than 3 months

Answer 90

Staph aureus gram negative rods anaerobes

Question 91

Most likely pathogen for prosthetic joint infection, 3-13 months

Answer 91

coagulase-negative staph enterococci prpionibacterium species

Question 92

Most likely pathogen for prosthetic joint infection, greater than a year

Answer 92

Staphy aureus gram-negative rods beta-hemolytic strep

Question 93

What can happen to platelet count after splenectomy

Answer 93

thrombocytosis

Question 94

differential for extragonadal germ cell tumor

Answer 94

thymoma teratoma thyroid terrible lymphoma

Question 95

lab values for seminomas

Answer 95

increase b-hCH | normal AFP

Question 96

lab values for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Answer 96

elevated AFP and b-hCG

Question 97

what are types of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Answer 97

yolk sac tumor choriocarcinoma embryonal carcinoma

Question 98

what type of heparin is not recommended in end-stage renal disease

Answer 98

low molecular weight heparin

Question 99

what do you do with amputated body parts

Answer 99

be wrapped in saline-moistened gauze sealed in a plastic bag placed on ice brought to the emergency department with the patient.

Question 100

Most common intra-abdominal complication of blunt abdominal trauma?

Answer 100

splenic injury

Question 101

blunt abdominal trauma. Hemodynamically stable patients with a negative ultrasound evaluation but high-risk features (anemia, guarding) should undergo?

Answer 101

CT imaging