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Uworld3 Flashcards

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1
Q

unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin which is preferred for PE

A

Unfractionated heparin

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2
Q

which heparin drugs do you not give in severe renal insufficiency

A

fondazparinux and rivaroxaban

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3
Q

What is the most common acid-base disturbance caused by PE

A

respiratory alkalosis

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4
Q

how do you check lung findings for sarcoidosis after chest-x ray

A

fiberoptic bronchoscopy with endobronchial and transbronchiaal biopsies
- mediastinal lymph node will be positive but bronchoscopy is safer

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5
Q

Clinical features of superior vena cava syndrome

A

headache worse with leaning forward
facial swelling
jugular venous engorgement without peripheral edema

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6
Q

What causes superior vena cava syndrome

A

lung cancer especially small cell carcinoma

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7
Q

how does systemic sclerosis appear in the lung?

A

pulmonary arterial hypertension

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8
Q

What has shown to decrease the risk of ventilator-acquired pneumonia

A

daily interruption to assess readinness for extubating

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9
Q

Major toxicity for mycophenolate

A

bone marrow suppression

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10
Q

Major toxicity for azathioprine is

A

dose related diarrhea, leukopenia and hepatoxicity

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11
Q

Difference between Tacrolumus and Cyclosporin toxicity

A

Cyclosporin has hirsituism and gum hypertrophy

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12
Q

Recurrent bacterial infections in an adult should raise suspicion for

A

common variable immunodeficiency

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13
Q

is irritant contact dermatitis immunologically mediated?

A

no

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14
Q

what type of response does a 23-valent pneumonococcal vaccine give

A

T-cell-independent B-cell response

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15
Q

what type of response does 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine give?

A

T-cell -dependent B-cell response

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16
Q

Liver transplant rejection < 1 week

A

hyperacute rejection

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17
Q

Liver transplant rejection <1 month

A

bacterial causes from operative complications or hospitlization

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18
Q

liver transplant rejection month 1-6

A

Opprotunistic pathogen (CMV, Aspergillus, Mycobacterium, TB).

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19
Q

Liver transplant rejection greater 6 months

A

community-acquired pathogen

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20
Q

when does acute cellular rejection occur and when does bacterial infection occur in liver tansplant

A

acute cellular: <90 days

bacterial: <60 days

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21
Q

Shows reduction of both passive and active range of motion?

A

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

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22
Q

Defect in active range of motion but passive range of motion is perserved

A

rotator cuff tear

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23
Q

what is a common cardiac findnig in akylosing spondylitisis

A

aortic regurgitiaton

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24
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome need to have at least 1of what 3 antibodies

A
  1. anticardioplipin abs
  2. anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I abs
  3. lupus anticoagulant
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25
when do you x-ray the low back
1. osteoporosis/compression fracture 2. suspected malignancy 3. ankylosing spondylititis
26
when do you MRI the low back
1. sensory /motor deficits 2. cuada equina syndrome 3. epidural abscess/infection
27
when do you do radionuclide bone scan or CT scan of low back
when patient cannot have MRI
28
positive straight leg raise
herniated nucleus pulposus/disk disease
29
pseudoclaudication better with spine flexion worse with extension
spinal stenosis
30
tenderness and induration at the medial head of the gastrocnemius. Moderate pitting edema at the ankle and a crescent-shaped path of achymosis at the medial malleolus
popliteal baker cyst
31
3 categories of clinical findings for Behcet's disease
oral ulcers/genital ulcers uveitis thrombosis
32
pes anserinus pain syndrome? any tests and x-ray?
localized pain and tenderness over the anteriormedial part of the tibital plataeu just below the joint line of the knee. valgus stress test will not aggravate the pain x-rays will appear normal
33
what is Charcot joint?
complication of neuropathy and repeated joint trauma
34
what are symptoms of cryoglobulinemia syndrome
``` fatigue non-blanching palpable purpura arthralgias renal disease peripheral neuropathies ```
35
Cryoglobulinemia is associated with what
Hepatitis C.
36
what are lab values for cryoglobulinemia
hypocomplementemia rheumatoid facor elevated transminases kidney injury
37
what is the pathology for thrombotic thrombocytic purpura
decreased ADAMTS13 activity
38
what muscles are impacted by De Quervian's Tenosynotivitis
Abductor pollicus longus | Extensor pollicus brevis
39
what is the most common ocular manifestation for giant cell arthritis
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
40
Subacute or chronic locking or popping sensation in knee is what type of tear
meniscal tear
41
what type of knee tear is associated with hemarthrosis
ALS
42
what is an effective pharmacotherapy for fibromylagia
amitriptyline
43
Disseminated gonococcal infection has what triad
polyarthralgias tenosynovitis vesiculopustular skin lesions
44
anti-citrullinated abs
rheumatoid
45
anti-smooth muscle ABS
autoimmune hepatitis
46
Hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with what arthalgias
1. chondrocalcinosis 2. psuedogout 3. chronic arthropathy
47
what medicine do you not give to inflammatory disease arthalgias
NSAID
48
What causes lateral epicondylitis
repetitive, forceful extension at the wrist
49
numbness, aching and burning in distal forefoot from metatarsal heads to the 3rd and 4th toes
morton neuroma
50
Plantar surface of heel | worse when initiating running for first steps of the day
plantar fasciitis
51
Diclofenac
NSAID
52
narrowing of joint space and osteophytes
osteoarthritits
53
periarticular osteopenia and joint margin erosions
rheumatoid arthritis
54
What are lab values for Paget's disease
increased: alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline normal: serum calcium and phosphorous
55
what will x-ray show for Paget's disease
osteolytic mixed lytic-sclerotic lesions
56
treatment for Paget's disease
bisphosphonates
57
clinical presentation for patellar tendonitis
athletes | episodic pain and tenderness at inferior petalla
58
clinical presentation for petallofemoral syndrome
young women | subacute to chronic pain with squatting, running, prolonged sitting, using stairs
59
Initial management of patellofemoral compression test
activity modification NSAIDs stretching strengthening exercises
60
antibodies associated with dermatomyositits
Anti-Jo-1 (antisynthetase antibody) | Anti-Mi-2 (antihelicase)
61
what is the most definitive test for polymyositits
muscle biopsy
62
Clinical feature of polymyalgia rheumatica
muscle stiffness
63
Clinical feature of polymyositits
proximal muscle weakness
64
first line treatment for reactive arthritis
NSAID
65
adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine
retinopathy
66
Felty syndrome
rheumatoid arthritis neutropenia splenomegaly
67
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
bony pain, osteoclastic resporbtion of bone, leading to replacement with fibrous tissue (brown tumors) - seen in parathyroid carcinoma
68
Osteitis deformans
Paget disease
69
clinical feature of rotator cuff tear
pain with abduction and external rotation
70
Lofgren syndrome is associated with what?
sarcoidosis
71
Initial management of sciatic neuropathy
NSAID or acetaminophen
72
Allopurinol
decreases uric acid production by inhibiting xanthing oxidase used for prevention of recurrent gout
73
Colchicine
treats acute gout
74
Schirmer test
see how wet/dry eyes are
75
antibodies for Sjogrens
anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-La/SSB
76
Pathology of Sjogrens
lymphatic infiltration
77
what should be the first antibody test for SLE
ANA
78
drug induced lupus abs
anti-histone
79
anti=topoisomerase
systemic sclerosis
80
Lumbar extension worsens back pain
lumbar disk herniation
81
anticentromere abs
systemic sclerosis
82
anti-smooth abs
autoimmune hepatitis
83
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic abs
Wegner
84
Ant-cyclic-citrullinated peptide abs
rheumatoid arthritis
85
Muddy brown granular cast
acute tubular necrosis
86
RBC casts
glomerulonephritis
87
WBC casts
interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis
88
fatty casts
nephrotic syndrome
89
broad and waxy casts
chronic renal failure
90
Serology values for Systemic sclerosis
antinuclear antibody anti-topoisomerase (ant-Scl-70) antibody Anticentromere antibody
91
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies
Rheumatoid factor
92
What is Kussmaul's sign and what do you see that in?
lack of decrease or increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration constrictive pericarditits
93
what murmur do you hear with constrictive pericarditis
mid-diastolic sound = pericardial knock
94
What is the differential if a pt has hypoxia but is worsened by intravascular volume exapnsion
pulmonary contusion
95
what is a cause of cardiogenic shock
myocardial infarction
96
Patients with long-standing ankylosing spondylitits can develop
bone loss due to increased osteoclast activity in the setting of chronic inflammation.
97
what does equilibrated intracardiac diastolic pressures mean? next step?
cardiac tamponade | urgent echocardiography
98
what are risk factors for vertebral compression fracture
``` trauma osteoporosis/osteomalacia osteomyelitis MALIGNANCY WITH BONE METASTASES hyperparathyroidism ```
99
Patient with SLE what is the x-ray finding of joints
no evidence of joint destruction
100
clinical finding for malignant hyperthermia
muscular rigidity

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