Uworld7 Flashcards by Bina Malapur

spherocytes w/o central pallor, found when?

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Hereditary spherocytosis

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Side effect of cyclosporine

gout

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side affect of amiodarone and lithium

thyroid dysfunction

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Blood transfusion anaphylactic reaction

- w/in seconds to minutes 
- Angioedema, hypotension, difficulty breathing

IgA Deficiency

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blood transfusion - life threatening
within 1 hour of transfusion
fever, flank pain, hemolysis, oliguric renal failure, DIC

ABO mismatch

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what reduces the risk of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion

Leukoreduction of donor blood

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What reduces the risk of IgA deficiency

washed

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clinical features and timing of febrile nonhemolytic transfusions

within 1-6 hours

fever, chills, and malaise without hemolysis

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bone cancer: soap bubble appearance and most likely location

giant cell tumor

distal femur and proximal tibia around the knee

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bone cancer: pain worse at night and unrelated to activity and quickly relieved with NSAIDs

osteoid osteoma

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bone cancer: commonly due to hyperPTH from parathyroid carcinoma

osteitis fibrosa cystica

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treatment for cancer anorexia

progesterone analogues and corticosteroids

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Salvage therapy

treatment for a disease when standard therapy fails

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Neoadjuvant therapy

treatment given before the standard therapy for a particular disease

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Maintenance therapy

given after induction and consolidation therapies to kill any residual tumor cells and keep the patient in remission

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Induction therapy

initial dose of treatment to rapdily kill tumor cells and send the patient into remission

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Consolidation therapy

given after induction therapy with multidrug regiments to further reduce tumor burden

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Adjuvant therapy

treatment given in addition to standard therapy

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Salvage thearpy

treatment for a disease when standard therapy fails

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Most common cause of inadequate response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for CKD

iron deficiency

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risk factor for taking erythropoietin

hypertension
headache
retinal hemorrhages
NOT cerebral venous thrombosis

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unique clinical presentation for CLL

hepatosplenomegaly

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Monoclonal abs against CD20

rituximab

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Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase

Imatinib

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Periphearl smear for CLL

lymphocytosis (smudge cells)

Teardrop-shaped red blood cells

beta thalassemia or myelofibrosis

Treatment for EHEC

avoid abs

When do you do urological imaging for acute pyelonephritis

48-72 hours later despite treatment

Treatment for uncomplicated and complicated acute pyelonephritis

fluoroquinolones

treatment for animal and human bit injuries

amoxicillin-clavulanate

When do you see Procalcitonin

after bacterial pneumonia

difference between Ehrlichoiosis and Babesiosis

Ehrilichosis: leukopenia and thrombocytopenia Babesiosis: thrombocytopenia

What is leukoctye alkaline phosphatase levels?

low in CML

lab value for CML

leukocytosis | increased basophil

how is G6PD deficiency inherited

X-linked recessive disorder

Peripheral smear for G6PD deficiency

Heinz ( red blood cell inclusions seen after crystal violet staining) bite cells

Peripheral smear for ALL

lymphoblast

during heparin induced thrombocytopenia when can warfarin be initiated

greater than 150,000 platelet count

What is gold standard confirmatory test for HIT

serotonin release assay

What defines HIT

1. thrombocytopenia 2. thrombosis (arterial or venous) 3. 50 or more percent drop platelet baseline 5-10 days after initiation

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia)

Diffuse telangiectasia (oral lesions) recurrent epitstaxis widespread AV malformations (pulmonary AV- hemoptysis)

How is hereditoary spherocytosis inherited

autosomal dominant

Triad for hereditary spherocytosis

hemolytic anemia jaundice splenomegaly

Hereditory spherocytosis has increased osmotic fragliity on what

acidified glycerol lysis test

what abnormal binding test is positive for herediatory spherocytosis

eosin-5-maleimide binding test

Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6

role of pyridoxine and homocytseine

B6 lowers homocystine

blood transfusions may elevate levels of what in the blood

citrate, then chelates calcium and magnesium

clinical picture for factor V Leiden

increased risk of thrombosis

pathophys for factor V Leiden

Activated protein C resistance

treatment for immune thrombocyotpenia in children

IVIG or steroids

Treatment for immune thrombocytopenia in adults

more than 30,000: observe | less than 30,000: IVIG or steroids

What is anithrombin associated with

DIC cirrhosis nephrotic syndrome

diferential diagnosis for microcytic/hypochromic anemia

iron deficiency anemia of chronic disease thalassemia lead poisoning, siderblastic anemia

Iron and ferritin levels for thalassemia

high

how is leukamoid reaction different from CML

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase elevated in Leukamoid | No basophils in leukamoid

bone marrow shows clonal plasma cell proliferation

multiple myeloma

bone marrow shows hypocellular and fibrotic bone marrow

myelofibrotic disorder

difference between bone scans and skeletal survey

bone scans: osteoblastic, metastatic solid tumors | skeletal survey: osteolytic

what is a risk factor for Meylodysplastic syndrome

previous chemotherapy/radiation

What is the difference between B12 deficiency and myelodysplastic syndrome on peripheral smear

MS: hyposegmented neutrophils B12: hypersegmented neutrophils

Trousseau's syndrome? what is it associated with it

hypercoagulability disorder recurrent and migratory superficial thrombophlebitits pancreatic cancer or stomach, lung prostate

What will flow cytometry show for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

absence CD 55 and CD59

clinical picture for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

thrombosis of intraabdominal or cerebral veins

What causes dark urine in acute intermittent prophyria

prophyrins not hemoglobinuria (like in paroxysmal noctrunal hemoglobinuria)

lab value change for steroid use for athletics

polycythemia

treatment for polycythemia vera

phlebotomy

lab values for polycythemia vera

elevated hemoglobin | low erythropoietin level

relate urine and sickle cell

hyposthenuria: impairment of kidney's ability to concentrate urine

When do you see target cells on peripheral smear

alpha and beta thalassemia

What does hemoglobin A2 increase indicate

beta thalassemia

lab values for RDW, RBC and Iron/ferritin for both thalassemia

RDW, RBD are low | Iron normal or increased

Next step if you see isolated thrombocytopenia without anemia or leukopenia

screen for HIV or Hep C (both cause thrombocytopenia)

Pathphysio for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

decrease ADAMTS13 level

treatment for thrombocytopenic purpura

plasma exchange

pneumonic for thrombocytopenic purpura

``` FAT RN fever anemia thrombocytopenia renal failure neurosymtpoms ```

Electrolyte abnormalities in tumor lysis syndrome

Hyperuricemia hyperkalemia hyperphosphateia hypocalcemia

Treatment for tumor lysis syndrome

fluids and allopurinol

direct antiglobulin test diagnosis what

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

impaired gluathione synthesis

G6PD

Red blood cell instability

hereditary spherocytosis

what vitamin deficiency is common after total or partial gastrectomy

B12

B12 is necessary for the synthesis of what

purine

Treatment of Vitamin K deficiency

fresh frozen plasma

Most common source of symptomatic pulmonary embolism

proximal deep leg veins (femoral vein)

abs difference in Waldenstorm marogrlobulinemia and multiple myeloma

WM: IgM MM: IgG or IgA

major clinical features for Waldenstorm marogrlobulinemia and multiple myeloma

Wm: hyperviscosity syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly MM: hypercalcemia, osteolytic lesions/fractures

Risk factor for Trastuzumab

cardiotoxicity

at what age do you stop mamograms

side effect of bleomycin

pulmonary fibrosis

treatment for fibrocystic changes in breast

OCP and NSAID

Leukoplakia is a risk factor for what

squamous cell carcinoma

most common cause of malignant (nectrotizing) otitis externa

pseudomonas

triad of Meniere disease

hearing loss Tinnitus vertigo

pathopys for Meniere

increased volume and pressure of enodlymph (endolymphatic hydrops)

Loose calcium debris in the semicircular canal

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

inflammation of the membranous labyrinth

labyrinthitis (vestibular neuritits)

who has increased incidence of pyogenic granulomas on anterior nasal septum

pregnant women

clinical feature of juvenile nasal angiofibroma

epistaxis

Treatment of malignant otitis externa

IV ciprofloxacin

Treatment for erhlichiosis

doxycycline

Uworld7 Flashcards

(101 cards)