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Uworld5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Post-operative patient with hypotension, jugular venous distension, and new-onset right bundle branch block

A

massive PE

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2
Q

What is AST/ALT ratio for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

A

less than 1

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3
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur along with left sternal border without carotid radiation is the description of the murmur present ?

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

Metabolic change for persistent diarrhea

A

excess bicarbonate loss

metabolic acidosis

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5
Q

vomiting causes what metabolic changes?

A

metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

How does H1 histamine receptor antagonists get rid of upper-airway cough syndrome

A

elimination of nasal discharge and cough

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7
Q

The single most important prognostic consideration in the treatment of patients with breast cancer >

A

Tumor burden which is based on TNM staging

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8
Q

how can you tell if the body is compensating for metabolic acidosis

A

PaCO2 = 1.5 (bicarb) + 8 +/- 2

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9
Q

Development of atrioventricular block in a patient with infective endocarditits should raise suspicion for

A

perivalvular abscess

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10
Q

Difference between perivalvular abscess and tricuspid valve endocardidits

A

perivalvular abscess: diastolic murmur, heard on full expiration
tricuspid: systolic murmur, heard on inspiration

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11
Q

The patient’s presentation with substernal discomfort, left-sided neck pain, diaphoresis, and dyspnea is consistent with what

A

acute coronary syndrome

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12
Q

fixed splitting of S2

A

atrial septal defect

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13
Q

recurrent, painless gastrointestinal bleeding?

A

angiodysplasia, often missed on colonoscopy

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14
Q

Rectangular, envelope-shaped crystals

A

ethylene glycol poisoning

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15
Q

persistant hypotension can lead to what in kidney

A

acute tubular necrosis

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16
Q

Best test of choice to confirm diagnosis for Zenker’s?

A

contrast esophagram

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17
Q

what should be suspected in unexplained congestive heart failure, proteinria, and left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of a history of hypertension

A

amyloid cardiomyopathy

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18
Q

pneumonia causes what shunting in the lung

A

right-to-left intrapulmonary shunting

extreme form: V/Q mismatch

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19
Q

What is the next step for clinically obvious acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

mid-stream urine sample to help direct antiobiotic therapy

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20
Q

Next step in management for pulseless electrical activity

A

CPR!
IV access
Epinoephrine

Defibrillation does not play a role!

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21
Q

Next step for type A dissection?

A

CT angiography if patient is hemodynamically stable

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22
Q

treatment for bradycardia

A

atropine

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23
Q

what size kidney stone passes spontaneously

A

5mm

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24
Q

Calcium what help stabilize the cardiac membrane due to hyperkalemia

A

calcium chloride or calcium gluconate

Not calcium carbonate

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25
what is anticoagulation therapy for Warfarin
Vitamin K | Prothrombin complex concentrate
26
What agent is used to reverse heparin
protamine sulfate
27
what type of dysfunction is more prominent in vascular dementia?
executive more than memory
28
What confirms the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
nerve conduction studies
29
What are some symptoms of cyanide toxicity
``` headache confusion arrhythmias flushing respiratory depression ```
30
In endemic countries, what is a common cause of constrictive pericarditis
tuberculosis
31
Pericardial calcifications indicates
constrictive pericardaritis
32
difference between SLE and viral arthritis
RA/SLE: less common, follows a chronic, protracted course | Viral: resolves spontaneously
33
Leydig cell tumors
estrogen production can be increased with secondary inhibition of LH and FSH
34
Seminonas
syncytiotrophlastic giant cells
35
Choriocarcinoma
increased serum beta-hCG concentration
36
Treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome with A. fib with RVR?
Procainamide
37
what is pule ox for pericardial effusion
would not cause dramatic hypoxia
38
what are uncommon symptoms for mediastinal widening such as aortic dissection?
dyspnea and marked hyppoxia are uncommon
39
When is physical therapy recommended for back pain?
pain for 6-12 weeks or longer
40
Decreased breath sounds | Decreased tactile fremitus
pleural effusions
41
Increased breath sounds Increased tactile fremitus dullness to percussion
lung consolidation
42
Isolated premature ventricular beats in patients with normal ejection, do they syncope?
no
43
X-ray for bronchiectasis
dilated conducting airways
44
acid base for vomiting and diuresis
increased HCO3- | metabolic alkalosis
45
first step in management for oropharyngeal dysphagia
barium swallow
46
is there an increase in jugular venous pressure in inferior vena cava obstruction
no
47
``` Progressive peripheral edema ascites elevated jugular venous pressure pericardial knock (middiastolic sound) pericardial calcifications on x-ray ```
constrictive pericarditits
48
When do you get an MRI of back pain
neurologic deficits cauda equina suspected epidural abscess
49
When do you get an x-ray of back pain
``` malignancy inflammatory markers ( ESR elevated) ```
50
Clinical/laboratory features of common bile duct obstruction
obstructive jaundince with severe icterus and very high alkaline phosphatase levels.
51
what value constitutes CO2 narcosis
PaCO2 >60 mmHg
52
Acute-on-chronic hypercarbia COPD and chronic CO2 retention
Chronic: normal pH and high bicarb acute: acidic pH and low bicarb
53
What kind of rash does disseminated gonococcemia cause
vesiopustular rash
54
What type of rash does interstitial nephritis cause. urine
macuopapular rash. no WBC
55
When do symptoms typically occur for allergic interstitial nephritis. urine
5 days to several weeks after use of offending agent. WBC and eosinphilia present
56
When do you give activated charcoal for acetominophen intoxication
within 4 hours of ingestion
57
Treatment for diphenhydramine overdose
physostigmine --> cholinesterase inhibitor
58
clinical features of arsenic poisoning
sensorimotor neuropahty Pancytopenia mild transaminase elevation hyper/hypopigmentation hyperkeraotic
59
Clinical features of lead
Sensorimotor neuropathy GI complaints anemia
60
Clinical features of intermittent porphyria
Patchy sensorimotor neuropathy Autonomic dysfunctino GI complaints Anemia
61
Do pupils contract on benzodiazepine overdose
no
62
Carboxyhemoglobin level determines what
carbon dioxide poisoning
63
Clinical features of methemoglobinemia
cyanosis and bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes
64
Bitter almond breath
cyanide poisoning
65
What is the next step in management for sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) caustic ingestion
endoscopy within 24 hours
66
Antidote for cyanide poisoning
Hyroxycobalamin sodium thiosulfate nitrates (induce methemoglobinemia)
67
carboxyhemoglobinemia is what colored skin?
pinkish-red
68
How do you treat methemolgobinemia
methylene blue oxgyen vitamin C
69
how do you rewarm someone with frostbite
hot water NOT hot air
70
inadequate fluid and salt repalcement. CNS dysfunction is not present
heat exhaustion
71
healthy person undergoing condition in extreme heat and humidty. CNS symptoms
exertional heat stroke
72
3 categories for lead poisoning in adults
GI neurological hematologic
73
Next step for foreign bodies or cuts/scratches of the eye
obtaining medical care is first priority
74
bowl sounds for opioid intoxication
decreased bowel sounds | constipation
75
treatment for ethylene glycol overdose
fomepizole and ethanol to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase | sodium bicarbonate to alleviate acidosis
76
Chalazion
lid discomfort. Hard, painless lid nodule
77
Hordeolum
abscess located over the upper or lower lid. | red, tender swelling over eyelid
78
Amaurosis fugax
atheroemboli from carotid arteries | temporary vision loss
79
What type of conjunctivitis is bilateral
allergic
80
Endopthalmitis
within 6 weeks of surgery Pain and decreased visual acuity Swollen eye lids and conjunctiva, hypopyon, corneal edema, infection "left eye reveals swollen eyelid, edematous conjunctive, and exudates in the anterior chamber."
81
Uveitis
moderate pain and blurred vision | pupil is constricted
82
gold standard for diagnosis for acute angle-closure glaucoma
Gonioscopy
83
Dendriform corneal ulcers
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
84
Preseptal cellutitis | treatment?
infection of eyelid anterior to orbital septum | oral doxycycline
85
HSV and VZV eye infection
pain keratitis fundoscopic findings: peripheral pale lesions and central retinal necrosis
86
CMV eye
painless
87
Most common pathogen for keratitis
pseudomonas
88
patients who report straight grid lines that appear curved
macular degeneration
89
Presbyopia
difficulty with near vision
90
Difference between presbyopia and astigmatism
presbyopia: abnormal lens elasticity astigmatism: corneal shape
91
For ocular trauma, what is the initial step and second step
Initial pen light | Fluorescein examination
92
Fundoscopy exam for macular degeneration
drusen spots
93
Fundoscopy exam for central retinal artery occlusion
cherry red spot
94
Treatment of central retinal artery occlusion
ocular message and high-flow oxygen administration
95
curtain descending over visual field
retinal detatchment | amaurosis fugax
96
Gentamicin side effect
vestibular injury without significant ototoxicty
97
Aminoglycoside side effect
ototoxicity
98
Upper motor symtoms
spasticity bulbar symptoms hyperreflexia babinski
99
Lower motor symtpoms
fasciculations | atrophied hand musculature
100
Anterior cord syndrome
loss of motor function | loss of pain and temperature

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