Validity

Question 1

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 1

When participants chance because they know they are being studied.

Question 2

External validity

Answer 2

• ECOLOGICAL - the place where the research was conducted
• POPULATION - The people who at studied.
• HISTORICAL - The time period of the study

Question 3

Internal validity

Answer 3

The degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as confounding/ extraneous variables.
Refers to whether the effects observed in a study are due to the manipulation of the IV and not some other factor

Question 4

How can validity be checked?

Answer 4

• FACE VALIDITY - the degree to which a procedure appears effective in terms of its stated aim
• CONCURRENT VALIDITY - the extent to which the results of a particular test, or measurement, correspond to those of a previously established measurement for the same construct.

Question 5

How can validity be improved?

Answer 5

Controlling more variables, improving measurement technique, increasing randomisation to reduce sample bias, blinding the experiment, adding control or placebo groups