Vestibular System

Question 1

This is the sensory apparatus of the vestibular system
Series of interconnected canals

Answer 1

Labyrinth

Question 2

The labyrinth of the vestibular system is encased within this structure

Answer 2

Temporal bone

Question 3

These are the two Otolith organs
Detect linear acceleration and static gravitational forces

Answer 3

Utricle and Sacculus

Question 4

Vestibular hair cells are innervated by this

Answer 4

Bipolar cells of the vestibular ganglion

Question 5

Do vestibular hair cells consists or a single or multiple kinocilium?

Answer 5

Single

Question 6

Do vestibular hair cells consists or a single or multiple stereocilia?

Answer 6

Multiple

Question 7

Is the kinocilium at the base or apex of the vestibular hair cell?

Answer 7

Apex

Question 8

This structure within the otolith organs form the divide between hair cells with opposing orientations

Answer 8

Striola

Question 9

The striola forms the divide between hair cells with opposing orientations, and is found within this

Answer 9

Otolith organs
(utricle and sacculus)

Question 10

In the otolith organs, hair cells are surrounded by this

Answer 10

Gelatinous matrix

Question 11

This membrane is on top of the gelatinous matrix

Answer 11

Otolithic membrane

Question 12

These are on top of the otolithic membrane, and are moved by gravity or linear acceleration

Answer 12

Calcium carbonate crystals

Question 13

Calcium carbonate crystals are on top of this structure of the otolith organs

Answer 13

Otolithic membrane

Question 14

The hair cells of the sacculus and utricle are located within this

Answer 14

Macula

Question 15

The macula of the sacculus or utricle is oriented in the vertical plane?

Answer 15

Sacculus

Question 16

The macula of the sacculus or utricle is oriented in the horizontal plane?

Answer 16

Utricle

Question 17

These structures of the vestibular system detect angular acceleration in three different dimensions

Answer 17

Semicircular canals

Question 18

This semicircular canal detects yaw/spinning

Answer 18

Horizontal

Question 19

This semicircular canal detects pitch/tumbling

Answer 19

Anterior (aka superior)

Question 20

This semicircular canal detects roll/cartwheel

Answer 20

Posterior

Question 21

Scarpa’s ganglion is another name for this

Answer 21

Vestibular ganglion

Question 22

Each hair cell synapses onto bipolar cells whose somi are located in this ganglion

Answer 22

Vestibular ganglion
(aka Scarpa’s)

Question 23

Vestibular nuclei project to the motor nuclei that innervate the extraocular muscles, via this

Answer 23

MLF

Question 24

Is the ascending MLF to Extraocular muscles vestibular pathway unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 24

Bilateral
(these connections mediate the VOR)

Question 25

These are the two descending connections the vestibular nuclei have to the spinal cord

Answer 25

Descending portion of MLF Vestibulospinal tract

Question 26

Does the vestibulospinal tract project to ipsilateral or contralateral motor nuclei in the ventral horn?

Answer 26

Ipsilateral

Question 27

Projections from the vestibular nuclei to the cerebellum through a bundle of fibers called this

Answer 27

Juxtarestiform body

Question 28

Where is the juxtarestiform body located?

Answer 28

In the cerebellar peduncle

Question 29

This type of dizziness is characterized by false sense of motion, possibly spinning sensation

Answer 29

Vertigo

Question 30

This type of dizziness is characterized by feeling off balance or wobbly

Answer 30

Disequilibrium

Question 31

This type of dizziness is characterized by feeling of losing consciousness or blacking out

Answer 31

Presyncope

Question 32

The Dix-Hallpike positioning test is for this

Answer 32

Vertigo - distinguishes between central and peripheral causes (vestibular functioning)

Question 33

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Onset of nystagmus is delayed 2-5s

Answer 33

Peripheral

Question 34

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Onset of nystagmus/vertigo can be immediate

Answer 34

Central

Question 35

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Nystagmus does not change direction

Answer 35

Peripheral

Question 36

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Nystagmus can change direction

Answer 36

Central

Question 37

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Nystagmus can be observed without vertigo

Answer 37

Central

Question 38

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Nystagmus and vertigo adapt if the test is repeated within ~30 s

Answer 38

Peripheral

Question 39

Does this describe the result of Dix-Hallpike positional testing for central or peripheral vertigo causes: Adaptation is not observed

Answer 39

Central

Question 40

This is the most common cause of recurrent vertigo Not associated with hearing loss or tinnitus

Answer 40

Benign positional vertigo

Question 41

Benign positional vertigo is thought to result from this

Answer 41

Cuprolithiasis (debris within the cupula part of the semicircular canals - possibly dislocations of the otoliths)

Question 42

This condition that can cause vertigo involves an increase in endolymphatic fluid pressure

Answer 42

Meniere disease

Question 43

Is benign positional vertigo associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?

Answer 43

No

Question 44

Is Meniere disease associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Meniere disease is due to an increase in this pressure

Answer 45

Endolymphatic fluid

Question 46

This cause of vertigo involves the presence of horizontal nystagmus during the attack; fast phase is to opposite ear

Answer 46

Meniere disease

Question 47

Inflammation of the labyrinth due to bacterial, viral, or toxic substances (alcohol, quinine, salicylates) Symptoms similar to Meniere disease

Answer 47

Labyrinthitis

Question 48

Is Labyrinthitis associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Does a unilateral or bilateral labyrinthectomy give rise to nystagmus?

Answer 49

Unilateral Predominantly horizontal nystagmus to the opposite side (bilateral does not give rise to nystagmus)

Question 50

Is Internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused by a lesion of the ascending or descending MLF?

Answer 50

Ascending (between pons and midbrain)

Question 51

Does acoustic schwannoma cause unilateral or bilateral loss of hearing, tinnitus and vertigo

Answer 51

Unilateral

Question 52

The caloric test is used to test vestibular system function, and elicits this reflex

Answer 52

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

Question 53

This mass that arises in vestibular nerve of CN VIII has a lack of response to caloric stimulation "Dead labyrinth"

Answer 53

Acoustic schwannoma

Question 54

In the caloric test on an intact brainstem, do eyes move fast to the same or opposite side of cold water?

Answer 54

Opposite ("COWS")

Question 55

In the caloric test on an intact brainstem, do eyes move fast to the same or opposite side of warm water?

Answer 55

Same ("COWS")

Question 56

In the caloric test on a comatose patient, do eyes move slow to the same or opposite side of cold water?

Answer 56

Same

Question 57

In the caloric test on a comatose patient, do eyes move slow to the same or opposite side of warm water?

Answer 57

Opposite

Question 58

In a caloric test on a comatose patient, this movement will be absent

Answer 58

Fast movement (so slower eye movement is assessed during the test)