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Unit II: Trunk > VHD Relationships Abdomen > Flashcards

VHD Relationships Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the abdomen?

A

anterior abdominal wall, inguinal canal (and spermatic cord), peritoneal cavity and posterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

What is Camper’s fascia?

A

the superficial layer of fascia that has adipose tissue and is continuous with the superficial fascia of the thigh

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3
Q

What is Scarpa’s fascia?

A

the deep membranous layer over the lower portion of the abdominal wall; fuses with fascia lata at the inguinal ligament

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4
Q

What contributes to the rectus sheath?

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

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5
Q

The transversalis fascia is _________ to the peritoneum.

A

superficial

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6
Q

The transversalis is between the ________ and the __________ fascia.

A

transversus abdominis and fatty extraperitoneal fascia

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7
Q

What are the functions of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

flexion and rotation of the trunk and compression of the abdominal contents (increasing intra-abdominal pressure)

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8
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis

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9
Q

The inguinal canal passes from the ______ in the transversalis fascia to the __________ in the aponeurosis of the external oblique.

A

deep ring; superficial ring

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10
Q

The inguinal canal passes from the deep ring in the ______ fascia to the superficial ring in the aponeurosis of the _______________.

A

transversalis fascia; external oblique

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11
Q

The spermatic cord surrounds the ________ and the __________ as they traverse the inguinal canal.

A

ductus deferns and testicular vessels

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12
Q

What makes up the spermatic cord?

A

layers of the anterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

This membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

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14
Q

What are the types of peritoneum?

A

Parietal and visceral and mesentary (double layer)

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15
Q

Where is the parietal peritoneum?

A

lining the body wall

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16
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

surface of organs

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17
Q

What do mesentaries do?

A

suspend intraperitoneal organs from the body wall

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18
Q

double layers of peritoneum are _______

A

ligaments

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19
Q

What is a retroperitoneal structure?

A

Organs or vessels covered by peritoneum on at least one surface but not freely suspended from the body wall by a mesentary

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20
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

mesentary-like membrane extending from the anterior abdominal wall to the liver

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21
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

a double layer of peritoneum extending between the liver and lesser curvature of stomach and first part of duodenum

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22
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

a double layer of mesentary suspended from the stomach and draping over the transverse colon and small intestine

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23
Q

What are the two compartments of the peritoneal cavity?

A

lesser sac and greater sac

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24
Q

Where is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

space posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach that extends between the folds of the greater omentum

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25
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

A

through the epiploic foramen

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26
Q

The epiploic foramen is positioned directly _________ to the free margin of the lesser omentum.

A

Posterior

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27
Q

What forms the posterior abdominal wall?

A

psoas, iliacus, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles and their fascia

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28
Q

What is the function of the psoas and iliacus muscles?

A

flexion of the thigh

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29
Q

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

extension and lateral flexion of the trunk; fixation of the 12th rib during respiration

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30
Q

What is the function of the transversus abdominis?

A

compression of the abdominal contents

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31
Q

Where does the diaphragm pass?

A

xiphoid process, lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, and lumbar vertebra to the central tendon

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32
Q

The medial arcuate ligament passes anterior to the ___________.

A

psoas

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33
Q

The lateral arcuate passes anterior to the __________.

A

quadratus lumborum

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34
Q

The _________, _____________ and ____________ arteries are the primary blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall.

A

superior epigastric, musculophrenic and inferior epigastric

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35
Q

Tributaries of the __________, ________, and ___________ veins drain the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

A

superior epigastric, musculophrenic and inferior epigastric

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36
Q

Branches of the __________ and ____________ arteries are the primary blood supply of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

iliolumbar, lumbar

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37
Q

Tributaries of the ________ and _____________ veins drain the posterior abdominal wall.

A

iliolumbar and lumbar

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38
Q

The ____________ and __________ arteries and veins supply and drain the diaphragm.

A

musculophrenic and inferior phrenic

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39
Q

Which branches of the celiac trunk supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic foregut?

A

left gastric, splenic and common hepatic (proper hepatic, gastroduodenal and right gastric)

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40
Q

Which abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic foregut?

A

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen

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41
Q

Which abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut?

A

duodenum, pancrea, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and transverse colon

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42
Q

Branches of the ____________ supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut.

A

superior mesenteric artery

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43
Q

Which branches of the superior mesetaric artery supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, right colic and middle colic

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44
Q

What abdominal viscera are derived from the embryonic hindgut?

A

descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum

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45
Q

Which branches of the inferior mesentaric artery supply the abdominal viscera derived from the hindgut?

A

left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal a.

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46
Q

Tributaries of the _______________ drain all of the abdominal viscera.

A

hepatic portal vein

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47
Q

What viscera does the upper right quadrant contain?

A

liver, gall bladder, duodenum, pancreas, right colic flexure and pyloris of the stomach

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48
Q

What viscera does the upper left quadrant contain?

A

stomach, body and tail of pancreas; spleen, left colic flexure and jejunum

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49
Q

What viscera does the lower right quadrant contain?

A

cecum, ascending colon and ileum

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50
Q

What viscera does the lower left quadrant contain?

A

descending and sigmoid colon, jejunum, and ileum

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51
Q

What are the landmarks of the stomach?

A

fundus, body, pylorus and greater and lesser curvatures

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52
Q

The stomach is a ____________ structure.

A

intraperioneal

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53
Q

The lesser omentum extends from the _________ of the stomach .

A

lesser curvature

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54
Q

The greater omentum hangs from the ________ of the stomach.

A

greater curvature

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55
Q

The ___________ is where the esophagus meets the stomach.

A

cardiac orifice

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56
Q

The ___________ is present where the stomach is continuous with the duodenum.

A

pyloric sphincter

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57
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the duodenum?

A

free, descending, horizontal and ascending

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58
Q

Which division(s) of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?

A

first (free)

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59
Q

The free division of the duodenum is associated with the _______________ of the lesser omentum.

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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60
Q

The duodenum is continuous with the jejunum and ileum at the _______________.

A

duodenojejunal junction

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61
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

intreperitoneal

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62
Q

The ileum is continuous with the cecum at the ____________ junction.

A

ileocecal

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63
Q

The cecum is the dilation at the origin of the ____________.

A

Ascending colon

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64
Q

Is the ascending colon intra or retroperitoneal? the cecum?

A

retroperitoneal; retroperitoneal

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65
Q

The ascending colon is continuous with the transverse colon at the ________.

A

right colic flexure

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66
Q

Is the transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal?

A

intraperitoneal; suspended by transverse mesocolon from post. wall

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67
Q

The transverse colon is continuous with the descending colon at the _________.

A

left colic flexure

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68
Q

Is the descending colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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69
Q

What is the sigmoid colon continuous with?

A

descending colon

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70
Q

Is the sigmoid colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal; suspended by sigmoid mesocolon

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71
Q

Is the rectum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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72
Q

The __________ and _______ are associated with the second (descending) division of the duodenum.

A

liver and pancreas

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73
Q

The four lobes of the liver are _______, ________, ________ and _______.

A

right, left, quadrate and caudate

74
Q

The ________ and __________ separate the quadrate lobe from the right and left lobes.

A

impression for the gall bladder and fissure for the ligamentum teres

75
Q

The _______ and __________ separate the caudate lob from the right and left lobes.

A

caval groove and fissure for ligamentum venosum

76
Q

The _______ separates the quadrate and caudate lobes.

A

portahepatis

77
Q

What occurs at the portahepatis?

A

the hepatic arteries and hepatic portal vein enter the liver and hepatic bile ducts exits the liver

78
Q

The bile (common) duct is made up of the ______ and the _________.

A

hepatic bile ducts and the cystic duct

79
Q

The bile duct empties into the _____________ of the duodenum at the _________.

A

2nd division; major duodenal papilla

80
Q

The gall bladder has a ______, ________ and _____________.

A

fundus, body and neck

81
Q

The cystic duct arises from the _________.

A

neck

82
Q

The pancreatic duct drains into the _______ of the duodenum at the ______.

A

2nd division, major duodenal papilla

83
Q

Which part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

A

tail

84
Q

Which parts of the pancreas are retroperitoneal?

A

head, neck, body and uncinate process

85
Q

The tail of the pancreas meets with the _____.

A

spleen

86
Q

The spleen and tail of pancreas are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ______________.

A

lienorenal ligament

87
Q

Are the kidneys retro or intraperitoneal structures?

A

retroperitoneal

88
Q

Are the suprarenal glands retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

89
Q

Are the ureters retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal until they reach the bladder in the pelvis

90
Q

Urine drains from the kidney into the ureter at the ___________.

A

renal pelvis

91
Q

The kidneys are surrounded by _________, ___________ and _______.

A

perirenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fat

92
Q

The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and adjacent parietal peritoneum are innervated (sensory, motor and postganglionic sympathetic) by the ___________, __________ and ________ nerves.

A

lower six intercostal nerves, and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves.

93
Q

The muscles of the posterior abdominal wall are innervated (motor, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic) by branches of the ____________ and ____________.

A

ventral rami of lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves.

94
Q

The abdominal viscera are innervated (sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic) by the ________, _________ and ________ associated with the branches of the abdominal aorta.

A

splanchnic nerves, ganglia and plexuses

95
Q

The spermatic cord (or round ligament) emerges from the ________.

A

superficial inguinal ring

96
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve emerges from the ________ adjacent to the _________.

A

superficial ring; spermatic cord (round ligament)

97
Q

The rectus abdominis is ______ to the rectus sheath.

A

deep

98
Q

The cremaster muscle passes from the ___________ to the ____________ in the male.

A

internal oblique; spermatic cord

99
Q

The function of the cremaster muscle is to __________.

A

raise and lower the testes

100
Q

The conjoint tendon is the common tendon formed from the aponeuroses of the ________ and ___________ muscles.

A

transversus abdominis and internal oblique

101
Q

The deep inguinal ring is directly ______ to the inferior epigastric vessels adjacent to the origin of the spermatic cord from the anterior abdominal wall.

A

lateral

102
Q

The external spermatic fascia covers the _________ and ___________.

A

spermatic cord and testis

103
Q

The ________ and ________ are deep to the tunica vaginalis.

A

testis and epididymis

104
Q

The ductus deferens is continuous with the ______ of the epididymis.

A

tail

105
Q

The falciform ligament and ligamentum teres extend from the ________ to the ________.

A

umbilicus; liver

106
Q

The ________ is the obliterated fetal umbilical vein.

A

ligamentum teres (round ligament of the liver)

107
Q

The median umbilical fold extends from the ___________ to the __________.

A

bladder, umbilicus

108
Q

The remnant of the ___________ is in the median umbilical fold.

A

urachus

109
Q

The medial umbilical folds surround the obliterated ____________ arteries.

A

umbilical

110
Q

The medial umbilical folds can be found

A

on either side of the median umbilical folds

111
Q

The lateral umbilical folds extend from the ____________ to the ________.

A

deep inguinal ring; rectus abdominis

112
Q

The lateral umbilical folds surround the _________ arteries and veins.

A

inferior epigastric

113
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

114
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament extends from the ________ to the _________.

A

stomach; spleen

115
Q

The splenorenal ligament extends from the _______ to the ___________.

A

spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (left kidney)

116
Q

The phrenicocolic ligament extends from the _________ to the _________.

A

splenic flexure; diaphragm

117
Q

Of the three structures identified in the free margin of the lesser omentum, ___________ is located most posteriorly.

A

hepatic portal vein

118
Q

The three structures in the free margin of the lesser omentum are the _______, _______ and __________.

A

bile duct, proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein

119
Q

The splenic artery follows the _______ and ________ of the pancreas.

A

body and tail

120
Q

The gastroduodenal artery passes _____ to the 1st part of the duodenum before splitting into its two terminal branches.

A

posterior

121
Q

The common bile duct passes _______ to the 1st part of the duodenum and ________ to the epipolic foramen.

A

posterior; anterior

122
Q

The ___________ passes posterior to the 1st part of the duodenum and anterior to the epipolic foramen.

A

common bile duct

123
Q

The common bile duct passes posterior to the __________ and anterior to the __________.

A

1st part of the duodenum; epipolic foramen

124
Q

The _________ passes anterior to the epiploic foramen, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned posterior to the bile duct and the hepatic artery proper.

A

hepatic portal vein

125
Q

The hepatic portal vein passes ________ to the epiploic foramen, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned _______ to the bile duct and the hepatic artery proper.

A

anterior, posterior

126
Q

The hepatic portal vein passes anterior to the _______________, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned posterior to the ______ and the ___________.

A

epiploic foramen, bile duct, hepatic artery proper

127
Q

The _________ passes anterior to the epiploic foramen.

A

hepatic artery proper

128
Q

The hepatic artery proper passes ______ to the epiploic foramen.

A

anterior

129
Q

The hepatic artery proper passes anterior to the _________.

A

epiploic foramen

130
Q

The gastroduodenal artery passes posterior to the __________ and anterior to the __________.

A

duodenum (1 st part), pancreas

131
Q

The _________ passes posterior to the duodenum (1 st part) and anterior to the pancreas.

A

gastroduodenal artery

132
Q

The gastroduodenal artery passes _________ to the duodenum (1 st part) and ________ to the pancreas.

A

posterior, anterior

133
Q

The ___________ is positioned directly lateral (to the right) of the pancreas (head).

A

duodenum (2 nd part)

134
Q

The duodenum (2 nd part) is positioned directly ____________ of the pancreas (head).

A

lateral (to the right)

135
Q

The duodenum (2 nd part) is positioned directly lateral (to the right) of the ________.

A

pancreas (head)

136
Q

The duodenum (3 rd part) is positioned directly ________ to the pancreas (head) and passes ________to both the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.

A

inferior, anterior

137
Q

The __________ is positioned directly inferior to the pancreas (head) and passes anterior to both the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.

A

duodenum (3 rd part)

138
Q

The duodenum (3 rd part) is positioned directly inferior to the pancreas (head) and passes anterior to both the ___________ and _______.

A

inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.

139
Q

The splenic artery and vein pass posterior to the ______ and are typically positioned posterior - superior to the __________.

A

stomach (fundus) , pancreas (body and tail)

140
Q

The __________ pass posterior to the stomach (fundus) and are typically positioned posterior - superior to the pancreas (body and tail).

A

splenic artery and vein

141
Q

The splenic artery and vein pass ________ to the stomach (fundus) and are typically positioned _________ to the pancreas (body and tail).

A

posterior, posterior - superior

142
Q

The ___________ is typically the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery.

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal

143
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is positioned lateral (to the left) to the ______________ and passes anterior to the ___________, directly anterior to the ___________, and posterior to the _____________.

A

superior mesenteric vein, duodenum (4 th part), left renal vein and pancreas (body)

144
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is positioned ___________ to the superior mesenteric vein and passes ______ to the duodenum (4 th part) , directly __________ to the left renal vein, and ________ to the pancreas (body).

A

lateral (to the left), anterior, anterior, posterior

145
Q

The _____________ is postioned lateral (to the left) to the superior mesenteric vein and passes anterior to the duodenum (4 th part) , directly anterior to the left renal vein, and posterior to the pancreas (body).

A

superior mesenteric artery

146
Q

The ____________ passes anterior to the duodenum (4 th part) and posterior to both the stomach (pylorus) and the pancreas (body).

A

superior mesenteric vein

147
Q

The superior mesenteric vein passes ________ to the duodenum (4 th part) and ________ to both the stomach (pylorus) and the pancreas (body).

A

anterior, posterior,

148
Q

The superior mesenteric vein passes anterior to the________ and posterior to both the __________ and the ____________.

A

duodenum (4 th part), stomach (pylorus), pancreas (body)

149
Q

The bile duct drains at the __________.

A

major duodenal papilla

150
Q

The liver and diaphragm are attached via the ___________.

A

coronary ligament

151
Q

The inferior vena cava passes _________ to the liver and is positioned ______ to the caudate lobe.

A

posterior, lateral

152
Q

The inferior vena cava passes posterior to the ____ and is positioned lateral to the __________.

A

liver, caudate lobe

153
Q

The ___________ passes posterior to the liver and is positioned lateral to the caudate lobe.

A

inferior vena cava

154
Q

The gall bladder is positioned ___________ to the quadrate lobe of the liver.

A

lateral

155
Q

The ____________ is positioned lateral to the quadrate lobe of the liver.

A

gall bladder

156
Q

The gall bladder is positioned lateral to the _________ of the liver.

A

quadrate

157
Q

The left suprarenal vein drains into the _______.

A

Left renal vein

158
Q

The kidney is positioned _________ to the psoas muscle and _______ to both the quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles.

A

anterior - lateral, anterior

159
Q

The _______ is positioned anterior - lateral to the psoas muscle and anterior to both the quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles.

A

kidney

160
Q

The kidney is positioned anterior - lateral to the ___________ and anterior to both the __________ and _____________.

A

psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles

161
Q

The___________ is positioned superior to the right kidney.

A

right suprarenal gland

162
Q

The right suprarenal gland is positioned _______ to the right kidney.

A

superior

163
Q

The right suprarenal gland is positioned superior to the ___________.

A

right kidney

164
Q

The left suprarenal gland is positioned ______ to the left kidney.

A

medial

165
Q

The ________ is positioned medial to the left kidney.

A

left suprarenal gland

166
Q

The left suprarenal gland is positioned medial to the __________.

A

left kidney

167
Q

The right renal artery passes directly______ to the inferior vena cava.

A

posterior

168
Q

The ________ passes directly posterior to the inferior vena cava.

A

right renal artery

169
Q

The right renal artery passes directly posterior to the ________________.

A

inferior vena cava

170
Q

The left renal vein passes ________ to the abdominal aorta and _________ to the superior mesenteric artery.

A

anterior, posterior

171
Q

The ________ passes anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery.

A

left renal vein

172
Q

The left renal vein passes anterior to the ___________ and posterior to the ___________.

A

abdominal aorta, superior meseteric artery

173
Q

The _______ passes anterior to the psoas muscle.

A

right ureter

174
Q

The right ureter passes anterior to the ________.

A

psoas muscle

175
Q

The right ureter passes ___________ to the psoas muscle.

A

anterior

176
Q

The right testicular artery passes directly anterior to the _______, the _______, and the ___________.

A

inferior vena cava, right ureter, psoas muscle

177
Q

The ____________ passes directly anterior to the inferior vena cava, the right ureter, and the psoas muscle.

A

right testicular artery

178
Q

The right testicular artery passes directly ________ to the inferior vena cava, the right ureter, and the psoas muscle.

A

anterior

179
Q

The _____________ passes directly anterior to the left common iliac vein.

A

right common iliac artery

180
Q

The right common iliac artery passes directly __________ to the left common iliac vein.

A

anterior

181
Q

The right common iliac artery passes directly anterior to the _______________.

A

left common iliac vein

182
Q

The left arcuate ligament passes over (anterior) to the _____________ muscle.

A

quadratus lumborum

Unit II: Trunk (7 decks)

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