VHD Relationships Thorax Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
What articulates at the sternocostal joints?
A
the sternum and ribs
2
Q
What articulates at the costovertebral joints?
A
the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
3
Q
What type of joints are the sternocostal and costovertebral joints?
A
plane (gliding)
4
Q
What does the thorax include?
A
chest wall, pleural cavities, lungs, mediastinum, heart, pericardium, diaphragm
5
Q
What muscles are in the chest wall?
A
intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles
6
Q
Where do the external intercostal muscles pass?
A
rib to rib, oriented superior-lateral to inferior medial
7
Q
Where do the internal intercostal muscles pass?
A
rib to rib; oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral
8
Q
Where do the transverse thoracis muscles pass?
A
posterior sternum to costal cartilages
9
Q
What are the functions of the muscles of the chest wall?
A
elevate and depress ribs during respiration (intercostals and transverse thoracis)
10
Q
Where does the diaphragm pass?
A
xiphoid process of sternum, lower ribs, lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments and lumbar vertebrae to the central tendon
11
Q
What is the fascia covering the chest wall and diaphragm?
A
endothoracic fascia
12
Q
What is the visceral pleura?
A
serous membrane applied to the lung surface and its interlobar fissures
13
Q
What is the parietal pleura?
A
lines the chest wall, vertebral bodies and lateral mediastinal structures
14
Q
What defines the line between the superior and inferior divisions of the medistinum?
A
imaginary line from sternal angle to T4-5 intervertebral disc
15
Q
What vascular structures does the superior mediastinum contain?
A
aortic arch, brachipcephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian, and internal thoracic arteries brachiocephalic and internal thoracic veins
16
Q
What visceral structures does the superior mediastinum contain?
A
esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, thymic remnant, and lymph nodes
17
Q
What nervous structures does the superior medistinum contain?
A
left recurrent laryngeal, vagus and phrenic nerves
18
Q
What are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum?
A
anterior, middle and posterior
19
Q
Where is the anterior mediastinum and what does it contain?
A
between the sternal body and pericardium; remnants of the thymus and lymph nodes
20
Q
What organ does the middle mediastimum contain?
A
heart
21
Q
What vascular structures does the middle mediastinum contain?
A
ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava and pulmonary veins
22
Q
What visceral structures does the middle mediastinum contain?
A
tracheal bifurcation, main bronchi and lymph nodes
23
Q
What nervous structures does the middle mediastinum contain?
A
left recurrent laryngeal, vagus and phrenic nerves
24
Q
Where is the posterior mediastinum positioned?
A
between the tracheal bifurcation and pericardium and the vertebral column
25
What vascular structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?
descending aorta, azygos and hemizygos veins
26
What visceral structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?
esophagus, thoracic duct, and lymph nodes
27
What nervous structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?
vagus and splanchnic nerves
28
this separates the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs
oblique fissure
29
this separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung
horizontal fissure
30
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
a subdivision of the lobes of the lungs that has a segmental bronchus and an adjacent segmental branch of the pulmonary artery
31
What is the path of blood flow in the heart?
deoxygenated blood--> superior or inferior vena cava -->right atrium --> right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve --> reight ventricle --> pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk --> (oxygenated blood) --> pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> atrioventricular (mitral or bicuspid) valve --> left ventricle --> aortic valve --> ascending aorta
32
What separates the atria from ventricles?
coronary sulcus
33
What are the muscles on the inside of the right atrium?
pectinate muscles
34
What are the muscles in the right and left ventricles?
trabeculae carnae and papillary muscles (and chordae associated with the cusps of the tri and bi- cuspid valves)
35
What innervates the intercostal muscles?
intercostal nerves (motor and sensory)
36
What innervates the diaphragm and parietal pleura?
phrenic nerves (motor and sensory)
37
What innervates the thoracic viscera?
vagus (sensory and parasympathetic) and cardiopulmonary splanchnic (sensory and sympathetic) nerves
38
The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned _______ to the internal intercostal muscles.
deep
39
The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned deep to the ________ intercostal muscles.
internal
40
The ______ nerves, arteries and veins are positioned deep to the internal intercostal muscles.
intercostal
41
What are the four divisions of the parietal pleura?
costal, cupola, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
42
Where is the costal pleura?
lines the ribs (a division of the parietal pleura)
43
Where is the cupola?
overlies the apex of the lung (a division of the parietal pleura)
44
What does the diaphragmatic pleura line?
the diaphragm
45
What does the mediastinal pleura line?
the mediastinum (compartment between the two pleural cavities)
46
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
space associated with the costal pleura to the diaphragmatic pleura
47
The pulmonary ligament extends _____ from the root of the lung.
inferior
48
The phrenic nerve passes _______ to the root of the lung.
anterior
49
The ________ is positioned posterior (deep) to the first six costal cartilages.
internal thoracic artery
50
The internal thoracic artery is positioned _______ to the first six costal cartilages.
posterior (deep)
51
The internal thoracic artery is positioned posterior (deep) to the ___________.
first six costal cartilages
52
The left phrenic nerve passes ______ to the root of the left lung.
anterior
53
The ______ nerve passes anterior to the root of the left lung.
left phrenic
54
The left phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the ______.
left lung
55
The left phrenic nerve is positioned ______ to the pericardial sac.
lateral
56
The ______ nerve is positioned lateral to the pericardial sac.
left phrenic
57
The left phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the ________.
pericardial sac
58
The left phrenic nerve passes _____ to the ascending aorta.
lateral
59
The ______ nerve passes lateral to the ascending aorta.
left phrenic
60
The left phrenic nerve passes lateral to the _______.
ascending aorta
61
The right phrenic nerve is positioned ______ to the superior vena cava.
lateral
62
The ________ nerve is positioned lateral to the superior vena cava.
right phrenic
63
The right phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the _____________.
superior vena cava
64
The right phrenic nerve is positioned _________ to the pericardial sac.
lateral
65
The ________ nerve is positioned lateral to the pericardial sac.
right phrenic
66
The right phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the _______.
pericardial sac
67
The right phrenic nerve passes ______ to the root of the right lung.
anterior
68
The _______ nerve passes anterior to the root of the right lung.
right phrenic
69
The right phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the ______.
right lung
70
The arch of the aorta passes _______ to the pulmonary trunk.
superior
71
The ________ passes superior to the pulmonary trunk.
arch of aorta
72
The arch of the aorta passes superior to the ________.
pulmonary trunk
73
The left vagus nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.
lateral
74
The _______ nerve passes directly lateral to the arch of the aorta.
left vagus
75
The left vagus nerve passes directly lateral to the _________.
arch of the aorta
76
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes _______ to the ligamentum arteriosum.
posterior
77
The ______ nerve passes posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum.
left recurrent laryngeal
78
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes posterior to the _______.
ligamentum arteriosum
79
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.
inferior
80
The _______ nerve passes directly inferior to the arch of the aorta.
left recurrent laryngeal
81
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly inferior to the ______.
arch of the aorta
82
The left vagus nerve passes ______ to the left main bronchus.
posterior
83
The ______ nerve passes posterior to the left main bronchus.
left vagus
84
The left vagus nerve passes posterior to the _______.
left main bronchus
85
The right vagus nerve is positioned ______ to the trachea.
lateral
86
The _______ nerve is positioned lateral to the trachea.
right vagus
87
The right vagus nerve is positioned lateral to the ________.
trachea
88
The right vagus nerve passes _______ to the arch of the azygos vein and ______ to the right main bronchus.
medial, posterior
89
The ________ nerve passes medial to the arch of the azygos vein and posterior to the right main bronchus.
right vagus
90
The right vagus nerve passes medial to the arch of the _______ and posterior to the ________.
azygos vein, right main bronchus
91
The _____ is positioned lateral (right) to the ascending aorta.
superior vena cava
92
The superior vena cava is positioned _____ to the ascending aorta.
lateral (right)
93
The superior vena cava is positioned lateral (right) to the _____.
ascending aorta
94
The _________ passes superior to the right main bronchus.
azygos vein (arch)
95
The azygos vein (arch) passes ______ to the right main bronchus.
superior
96
The azygos vein (arch) passes superior to the _____.
right main bronchus
97
Do the external intercostal muscles extend all the way to the sternum?
No
98
How can you identify the bronchus from the arteries/veins?
it is cartilagenous
99
The pulmonary artery is ________ to the bronchus in the left lung.
superior
100
The pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus in the right lung.
inferior
101
The phrenic nerves are located between the ______ and the ________.
mediastinal pleura and pericardium
102
The arch of the aorta is on the ____ side of the ________ mediastinum.
left, superior
103
The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the _________.
ductus arteriosum
104
The _____________ is a remnant of the ductus arteriosum.
ligamentum arteriosum
105
The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned ________ to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
posterior
106
The _________ is positioned posterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
transverse pericardial sinus
107
The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned posterior to the ______________ and the ________.
ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk
108
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the _______ nerve.
vagus
109
The azygos vein drains directly into the ______.
Superior vena cava
110
The middle cardiac vein drains into the _______.
coronary sinus
111
The _______ drains into the coronary sinus.
middle cardiac vein
112
The left posterior ventricular vein drains into the origin of the _________ .
coronary sinus
113
What is the crista terminalis?
ridge of tissue where the rough and smooth walled portions of the right atrium meet
114
The SA node is positioned where the ________ meets the base of the SVC.
crista terminalis
115
The _______ is positioned where the crista terminalis meets the base of the SVC.
SA node
116
The SA node is positioned where the crista terminalis meets the base of the ______.
SVC
117
The A-V node is located in the _______ immediately superior to the opening of the coronary sinus.
interarterial wall
118
The ________ is located in the interatrial wall immediately superior to the opening of the coronary sinus.
AV node
119
The A-V node is located in the interatrial wall immediately superior to the opening of the _________.
coronary sinus
120
The ________ extends between the base of the anterior papillary muscle and the interventricular septum.
septomarginal trabecula
121
The septomarginal trabecula extends between the base of the ______________ muscle and the ________ septum.
anterior papillary, interventricular septum
122
The fatty tissue posterior to the manubrium of the sternum is most likely the remnant of the ________ .
Thymus
123
The_______ passes anterior to the subclavian artery and then posterior to the right main bronchus.
right vagus nerve
124
The right vagus nerve passes anterior to the subclavian artery and then posterior to the ________________.
right main bronchus
125
The right vagus nerve passes _______ to the subclavian artery and then ___________ to the right main bronchus..
anterior, posterior
126
The ________ is positioned posterior to the trachea.
esophagus
127
The esophagus is positioned ___________ to the trachea.
posterior
128
The esophagus is positioned posterior to the _______.
traches
129
The _______ passes posterior to the left main bronchus.
esophagus
130
The esophagus passes posterior to the _______________________.
Left main bronchis
131
The esophagus passes ________ to the left main bronchus.
posterior
132
The descending (thoracic) aorta passes posterior to the ____________.
Left main bronchus
133
The _____________a passes posterior to the left main bronchus.
descending thoracic artery
134
The descending (thoracic) aorta passes ___________ to the left main bronchus.
posterior
135
At the hilum of the left lung, the ________ is positioned superior to the main bronchus.
pulmonary artery
136
At the _______, the pulmonary artery is positioned superior to the main bronchus.
hilum of the left ling
137
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _______ to the main bronchus.
superior
138
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned superior to the ____________.
main bronchus
139
At the ________, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.
hilum of the left lung
140
At the hilum of the left lung, the ___________ are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.
pulmonary veins
141
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned ______ and __________ to the main bronchus.
anterior and inferior
142
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the __________.
At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.
143
At the hilum of the right lung, the__________ is positioned anterior to the main bronchus.
pulmonary artery
144
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _______to the main bronchus.
anterior
145
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned anterior to the main bronchus.
main bronchus
146
At the hilum of the ________, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior to the main bronchus.
right lung
147
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior to the _______.
main bronchus
148
At the hilum of the right lung, the ____________ are positioned anterior to the main bronchus.
pulmonary veins
149
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned _____ to the main bronchus.
anterior
150
At the hilum of the right lung, the ___________ are positioned anterior and inferior to the pulmonary arteries.
pulmonary veins
151
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the __________________.
pulmonary arteries
152
At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned ________ and _______to the pulmonary arteries.
anterior and inferior
153
The right posterior intercostal arteries pass anterior to the _______________.
vertebral bodies
154
The ________ pass anterior to the vertebral bodies.
right posterior intercostal arteries
155
The right posterior intercostal arteries pass _____ to the vertebral bodies.
anterior
156
The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly ________ to the ribs.
inferior
157
The intercostal _______, _______, and _______ are all positioned directly inferior to the ribs.
veins, arteries and nerves
158
The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly inferior to the ____.
ribs
159
The sympathetic chain is positioned lateral to the _________.
thoracic vertebral bodies
160
The sympathetic chain is positioned ________ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
lateral
161
The ________ is positioned lateral to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
sympathetic chain
162
The right superior intercostal vein drains into the _______.
azygos vein
163
The thoracic duct is to the _______ of the descending aorta, ________ to the azygos vein and ______ to the esophagus.
right, left, posterior
164
The ________ is to the right of the descending aorta, left of the azygos vein and posterior to the esophagus.
thoracic duct
165
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned __________ to the pericardial sac.
posterior
166
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned posterior to the _______________.
pericardial sac
167
The _____________ is positioned posterior to the pericardial sac.
descending (thoracic aorta)
168
The ___________ is positioned to the left (lateral) of the vertebral bodies.
descending (thoracic) aorta
169
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned to the left (lateral) of the _________.
vertebral bodies
170
The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned to the ________ of the vertebral bodies.
left (lateral)
171
The ___________ is positioned to the right of the descending aorta.
inferior vena cava
172
The inferior vena cava is positioned to the ________ of the descending aorta.
right
173
The inferior vena cava is positioned to the right of the ___________.
descending aorta
174
The ____________ is positioned anterior - medial to the sympathetic chain.
greater splanchnic nerve
175
The greater splanchnic nerve is positioned _________ to the sympathetic chain.
anterior - medial
176
The greater splanchnic nerve is positioned anterior - medial to the ___________.
sympathetic chain
177
The ________ is positioned posterior to the pericardial sac.
esophagus
178
The esophagus is positioned ________to the pericardial sac.
posterior
179
The esophagus is positioned posterior to the ___________.
pericardial sac
180
Near the ________, the esophagus is positioned anterior to the thoracic aorta.
diaphragm
181
Near the diaphragm, the esophagus is positioned anterior to the ___________.
thoracic aorta
182
Near the diaphragm, the __________ is positioned anterior to the thoracic aorta.
esophagus
183
The thoracic duct is positioned directly anterior to the ___________.
thoracic vertebral bodies
184
The _________is positioned directly anterior to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
thoracic duct
185
The thoracic duct is positioned directly ______to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
anterior
186
Near the diaphragm, the esophagus is positioned ___________ to the thoracic aorta.
anterior
