VIII - Skin

Question 1

Outermost layer of integument, stratified squamous epithelial layer of ectodermal origin, devoid of blood vessels and consists of 4-5 layers

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

Connective tissue layer of mesodermal origin below the epidermis and its basement membrane

Answer 2

dermis

Question 3

Dermis: loose, comparatively cell-rich connective tissue, fills the hollows at the deep surface (dermal papillae) of the epidermis, capillaries are frequent, collagen fibers are finer

Answer 3

papillary layer

Question 4

Dermis: appears denser and contains fewer cells, thick collagen fibers that aggregate into bundles

Answer 4

reticular layer

Question 5

Layer of loose vascular connective tissue infiltrated by adipocytes

Answer 5

hypodermis

Question 6

Skin: production of keratin protein, squamous epithelial cells

Answer 6

keratinocyte

Question 7

Skin: important in formation of endogenous sunscreen, sound in basal layer and in hair follicles

Answer 7

melanocyte

Question 8

Skin: epidermal dendritic cells, antigen presenting cells

Answer 8

Langerhan cells

Question 9

Skin: serve as mechanoreceptors or a neuroendocrine function

Answer 9

Merkel cells

Question 10

Disorder in which melanocytes are destroyed, autoimmune

Answer 10

Vitiligo

Question 11

Disorder in which melanocytes are unable to synthesize melanin either due to abscence of tyrosinase activity or inability to take up tyrosine

Answer 11

Albinism

Question 12

Skin Layers from most superficial

Answer 12

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Question 13

Skin Layers: superficial stratum layer consisting of 20-30 layers of dead, flat, anucleated and cornified/keratinized cells filled with keratin filaments (horny cells) embedded in a densematrix of proteins

Answer 13

Stratum Corneum

Question 14

Skin Layers: spaces between cells are filled with lipids making a continuous membrane, protects against friction and water loss

Answer 14

Stratum Corneum

Question 15

Skin Layers: 2-3 layers of transitional cells of flat eosinophilic anucleated cells, only found in regions of thick stratum corneum of palms and soles

Answer 15

Stratum Lucidum

Question 16

Skin Layers: polygonal cells filled with basophilic keratohyaline granules, only 1 layer is seen in thin skin, multiple in thick skin

Answer 16

Stratum Granulosum

Question 17

Part of stratum granulosum that produces a lipid-rich impermeable layer around cells

Answer 17

lamellar granules

Question 18

Skin Layers: multilaminar layer of cuboidal-like cells that are bound together by numerous desmosomal junctions

Answer 18

Stratum Spinosum

Question 19

Antigen presenting cells in stratum spinosum, contains Birbeck granules

Answer 19

Langerhan cells

Question 20

Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells in contact with basement membrane, attached to the basal lamina via hemidesmosomes, mitotically active

Answer 20

Stratum Basale (Germinatum)

Question 21

Cells in the stratum basale with intense mitotic activity

Answer 21

melanocytes, Merkel cells

Question 22

Sensory Recetor Capsule: Merkel cells

Answer 22

unencapsulated

Question 23

Sensory Recetor Capsule: free nerve endings

Answer 23

unencapsulated

Question 24

Sensory Recetor Capsule: root hair plexuses

Answer 24

unencapsulated

Question 25

Sensory Recetor Capsule: Meissner corpuscles

Answer 25

encapsulated

Question 26

Sensory Recetor Capsule: lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

Answer 26

encapsulated

Question 27

Sensory Recetor Capsule: Krause end bulbs

Answer 27

encapsulated

Question 28

Sensory Recetor Capsule: Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 28

encapsulated

Question 29

Simple branched acinar holocrine grands, found in the dermis except in the palms and soles, lubricate hair and cornified layers of the skin to minimize dessication

Answer 29

sebaceous glands

Question 30

Sebaceous Glands: hairy areas

Answer 30

pilosebaceous unit

Question 31

Sebaceous Glands: glabrous skin

Answer 31

sweat pores

Question 32

Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 32

Sweat Glands

Question 33

Sweat Glands: coiled tubular glands, in most areas of the skin, opens in skin surface, clear, odorless (H2O, NaCl), active throughout life, body temperature regulation (cholinergic), emotional sweating (adrenergic)

Answer 33

eccrine, merocrine

Question 34

Sweat Glands: coiled tubular glands, axillary, areolar, anal, hair follicles, viscous, odorous, active at puberty, pheromones (adrenergic)

Answer 34

apocrine

Question 35

When apocrine sweat or sebaceous glands are occluded and infected

Answer 35

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Question 36

Abnormal aggregation of cells that may be seen in squamous cell CA

Answer 36

keratin pearls