Flashcards in XVII - Organs of Special Senses Deck (97):
1
First and most powerful structure of the optical system
cornea
2
Center of vision
fovea
3
Enable the lens to change its shape
zonula
4
Middle vascular layer of the eye
uvea
5
film of the eye
retina
6
Area of the eye without sensory cells
optic disk
7
First part of the brain to receive visual input
optic chiasm
8
Relay station of the visual cortex
lateral geniculate body
9
Keeps images focused on the retina
lens
10
Layer of blood vessel that supplies blood to the retina
choroid
11
Produces aqueous humor
ciliary body
12
Blocked in glaucoma
canal of Schlemm
13
Lens: highly elastic basement membrane covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells, thickest near the equator, thinnest posteriorly
capsule
14
Lens: forms the bulk of the lens, composed of long thin tightly packed cells who lost their nuclei and form fibers
cortex/fiber
15
Cornea: stratified non-keratinizing squamous, 5-6 layers, exposed to air, one of the richest sensory nerve supplies of any eye tissue
epithelium
16
Cornea: composed of collagen fibers, acellular, contributes greatly to the stability and strength of the cornea
Bowman's membrane
17
Cornea: thickest layer, collagen type III and IV, avascular
stroma
18
Cornea: basement membrane
Descemet's membrane
19
Cornea: simple squamous, exposed to aqueous humor, responsible for metabolic exchanges
endothelium
20
Retina: not photosensitive
anterior
21
Retina: photosensitive, optical part
posterior
22
Retina: contains photosensitive cells (rods & cones)
outer layer
23
Retina: contains bipolar neurons
intermediate layer
24
Retina: contains ganglion cells
internal layer
25
Retina: where the retina converges to form the optic nerve
optic disk (optic nerve head, papilla of the optic nerve
26
Retina: blind spot
optic disk
27
Retina: oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina
macula
28
Retina: area of highest visual acuity
fovea
29
Retina: small pit in the center of the macula, contains the highest concentration of cone cells
fovea
30
Retina: separates the retina from the vitreous humor
inner limiting membrane
31
Retina: unmyelinated axons of ganglion cells
optic nerve fibers
32
Retina: site of action potential generation, receptor cells
ganglion cells
33
Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, closer to vitreous
inner plexiform
34
Retina: nuclei of bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and müller cells
inner nuclear
35
Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, farther from vitreous
outer plexiform
36
Retina: nuclei of rods and cones
outer nuclear
37
Retina: separates outer nuclear and photoreceptor layers
outer limiting membrane
38
Retina: contain Na channels
photoreceptors
39
Retina: forms blood-retina barrier, esterifies vitamin A, contains melanin granules, phagocytoses debris
pigment epithelium
40
Photoreceptors: scotopic vision
rods
41
Photoreceptors: very light-sensitive, sensitive to scattered light
rods
42
Photoreceptors: low visual acuity
rods
43
Photoreceptors: loss can cause night blindness
rods
44
Photoreceptors: not present in fovea
rods
45
Photoreceptors: slow response to light
rods
46
Photoreceptors: have more pigment cones
rods
47
Photoreceptors: more numerous (20x)
rods
48
Photoreceptors: one type of photosensitive pigment, rhodopsin
rods
49
Photoreceptors: confer achromatic vision
rods
50
Photoreceptors: photopic vision
cones
51
Photoreceptors: not very light-sensitive, sensitive to direct light
cones
52
Photoreceptors: high visual acuity, better spatial resolution
cones
53
Photoreceptors: loss can cause legal blindness
cones
54
Photoreceptors: concentrated at fovea
cones
55
Photoreceptors: fast resonse to light
cones
56
Photoreceptors: less pigment cones
cones
57
Photoreceptors: 3 types of photosensitive pigments (varieties of iodopsin)
cones
58
Photoreceptors: confer color vision (red, blue, green)
cones
59
Eye: thin transparent mucous membrane, stratified columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells, lamina propria with loose connective tissue
conjunctiva
60
Eyelids: long sebaceous glands in tarsal plate, do not communicate with hair follicles, creates an oily layer on the surface of the tear film preventing rapid evaporation of tear film
Meibomian glands
61
Eyelids: sweat glands emptying secretions into hair follicles
glands of Moll
62
Eyelids: smaller modified sebaceous glands connected with hair follicles
glands of Zeis
63
Tear-secreting, tubuloalveolar gland rich in lysozyme
lacrimal gland
64
Lacrimal Apparatus: thick stratified squamous epithelium
canaliculi
65
Ear: auricle
pinna
66
External Auditory Meatus: Epithelium
stratified squamous
67
External Auditory Meatus: contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands (coiled tubular)
submucosa
68
External Auditory Meatus: outer third
elastic cartilage
69
External Auditory Meatus: inner part
temporal bone
70
Transmits sound waves to the ossicles
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
71
Tympanic Membrane: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
external surface
72
Tympanic Membrane: tough connective tissue (collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts), highly vascular
middle layer
73
Tympanic Membrane: simple cuboidal
inner surface
74
Ear: middle
tympanic cavity
75
Tympanic Cavity: Epithelium
simple squamous epithelium which gradually transforms into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
76
Auditory Ossicles
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
77
Auditory Labyrinths: low sodium, high potassium, low protein
endolymph
78
Irregular central cavity housing the saccule and utricle
vestibule
79
Membranous Labyrinths
utricle, saccule
80
Bony Labyrinths
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
81
Labyrinths: semicircular canal
kinetic labyrinth
82
Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within cristae ampullaris, have stereocilia and single cilium, supporting cells
kinetic labyrinth
83
Labyrinths: cells are covered by a gelatinous mass called cupula, (-) otoliths
kinetic labyrinth
84
Labyrinths: angular acceleration and deceleration
kinetic labyrinth
85
Labyrinths: utricle and saccule
static labyrinth
86
Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within maculae, have stereocilia and kinocilia (single cilium), supporting cells
static labyrinth
87
Labyrinths: cells are covered by otolithic membrane with otolits and otoconia
static labyrinth
88
Labyrinths: linear acceleration, gravity
static labyrinth
89
Part of the cochlea of the inner ear, provided with hair cells which are auditory sensory cells (single row of inner hair cells, 3-5 rows of outer hair cells) with stereocilia but no kinocilium
organ of Corti
90
contains as much as 15,000-20,000 auditory nerve receptors, responds to fluid-borne vibrations in the cochlea
organ of Corti
91
Organ of Corti: roof wall
vestibular (Reissner's) membrane
92
Organ of Corti: floor wall
basilar membrane
93
Organ of Corti: lateral wall
stria vascularis
94
Smallest skeletal muscle
stapedius
95
Fluid in the osseus labyrinth
perilymph
96
Fluid in the membranous labyrinth
endolymph
97