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VMS 2003 > Viral Gut Diseases > Flashcards

Viral Gut Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main species of parvovirus?

A
  1. Canine parvovirus
  2. Porcine parvovirus
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2
Q

What are the pathological features of parvovirus?

A
  • Has a single stranded DNA genome
  • icosahedral capsid
  • non-enveloped which means it can survive well in the environment
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3
Q

How long is the parvovirus genome?

A

4-6kb long

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4
Q

Where does the parvovirus genome replicate?

A

It replicates in the nucleus

doesn’t encode its own replication enzymes

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5
Q

During what phase of the cell cycle does parvovirus replicate?

A

DNA replication occurs in the S phase

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6
Q

What are the general characteristics of parvovirus?

A

has a small genome, this means that small changes have large consequences
and it requires rapidly dividing cells

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7
Q

What are the preferential replication sites for parvovirus?

A
  • Intestinal crypt epithelial cells (adult hosts).
  • Foetal lung and liver.
  • Bone marrow cells (important in diagnosis)
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8
Q

How is parvovirus transmissed?

foecal-oral route

A

Large quantities of virus particles are released into the environment in faeces
Infection of new hosts is via the oral route

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9
Q

What plays an important role in the transmission of parvovirus?

A

Fomites
e.g farm setting in poultry and kennels in dogs/cats

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10
Q

What is the pathogenesis of porcine parvovirus?

A

It is a global issue in pig farms (enzoonotic)
has a rapid and widespread transmission
* causes mild diarrhoea in adults
*

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11
Q

How does porcine parvovirus enter the foetus?

A

via infected macrophages
then has a rapid growth in the foetus

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12
Q

When is the virus excreted in the foetus?

A

10-14 days post infection

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13
Q

How may you diagnose PPV?

A

Tissue faecal sample
-test for the virus isolation in tissue culture

Blood/Serum
-* Haemagglutination Inhibition test (HIT).
* Capsid proteins of PPV agglutinate red
blood cells
* ELISA

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14
Q

From what virus did canine parvovirus evolve from?

A

Feline panleukopeania virus

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia virus in adult cats?

A
  • Fever
  • Profound depression
  • Rapid and severe weight loss
  • Dehydration followed by vomiting
  • Diarrhoea 1-2 days later
  • abdominal pain
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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia virus in kittens?

A
  • sudden onset depression
  • jaundice, vomiting, diarrhoea
  • up to 90% mortality ‘
    *
17
Q

How may you diagnose feline panleukopaenia?

A

Faecal and Blood Sampling, both using ELISA tests

18
Q

How can Feline parvovirus be treated?

A

Supportive therapy e.g
* Hospitalisation
* IV replacement of fluids and electrolytes

19
Q

How can you control feline parvovirus?

biosecurity wise

A
  • Virological properties make it very difficult to exclude from catteries etc
  • Bleach (hypochlorite) 3% :
  • but its rapidly inactivated by organic material.
  • Quarternary ammonium compounds ineffective.
20
Q

How can you control feline parvovirus?

vaccination wise

A
  • Inactivated, modified live or multivalent vaccines.
  • Newborns are protected by maternal antibodies – wane around 4-6 wo.
  • May be a small window of susceptibility prior to first vaccination.
  • Most frequent reason for vaccine failure is maternally derived antibody (MDA) interference.
  • Example vaccination:
  • Kittens at 6-9 wo, booster at 10-12 wo and 16-18 wo then annually
21
Q

What are the two forms of canine parvovirus?

A
  • Enteric Form
  • Cardiac Form
22
Q

What is the incubation period of canine parvovirus?

A

3-14 days

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of the enteric form of canine parvovirus?

A
  • Sudden depression and loss of appetite.
  • Fever (esp. in puppies).
  • Vomiting and diarrhoea – can be haemorrhagic.
  • Rapid dehydration.
  • Shock and death (acute cases).
24
Q

What are the clinical signs of the cardiac form of FPV?

A
  • Damage during development, symptoms
    after birth.
  • Dyspnoea (laboured breathing).
  • Depression.
  • Cough.
  • Ascites (fluid in abdomen).
  • Death typically 12-16 wo.
25
Q

What is the laboratory diagnosis of canine parvovirus?

A

Lab testing is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis
Faecal samples are more appropriate than blood samples

26
Q

How can you treat canine parvovirus?

A
  • Enteric form treatment similar to FPV – IV fluids.
  • Cardiac form – treatment is ineffective and mortality is very high.
27
Q

What are two examples of rotaviruses?

A
  • Bluetongue
  • African Horse Sickness
28
Q

What family are coronaviruses members of?

A

Coronavirdae

29
Q
A

VMS 2003 (22 decks)

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