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virology 1st quiz Flashcards

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0
Q

What 2 DNA viruses are ss?

A

Parvovirus and circo

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1
Q

Which DNA virus replicates in cytoplasm?

A

Poxviridae

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2
Q

What are general characteristics of RNA viruses?

A

Single stranded, enveloped, replicate In cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are characteristics of most DNA viruses?

A

Double stranded, icosahedrons, replicate in nucleus

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4
Q

Which 2 RNA viruses are ds?

A

Reo and birna

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5
Q

Which 2 RNA viruses replicate in nucleus?

A

Retro and orthomyxo

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6
Q

Which 3 RNA viruses are ss and segmented?

A

Orthomyxo, bunyaviridae, arenaviridae

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7
Q

which group taxonomizes viruses?

A

international committe on taxonomy of viruses - ictv

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8
Q

what does classification of a virus depend on?

A

type of genome
strategy of replication
structure of virion

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9
Q

what is the viral capsid made of and what else can it contain?

A

capsomeres

may contain enzymes, non structural proteins, no organelles

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10
Q

what is the range of virus sizes?

A

17 to 250 nm

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11
Q

what are the 2 smallest dna viruses?

A

circo and parvo

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12
Q

what is the biggest dna virus?

A

poxviridae

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13
Q

which rna viruses dont have an envelope?

A 
picorna
calici
astro
reo
birna
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14
Q

which dna viruses have circular genomes?

A

hepadna
papo
circo

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15
Q

what is the eclipse period?

A

after penetration the virus cannot be detected for 2-12 hours until progeny become detectable
unrelated to incubation

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16
Q

what does dna viral replication need in nucleus of cell?

A

cellular dna dependent rna polymerase 2

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17
Q

what viral enzyme is needed for dna viruses that replicate in cytoplasm?

A

dna dependent rna polymerase

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18
Q

what way do enveloped viruses enter the cell?

A

membrane fusion

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19
Q

what way do naked viruses enter the cell?

A

endocytosis

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20
Q

what must ss negative rna viruses carry inside the cell?

A

specific viral rna dependent rna polymerase

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21
Q

which virus buds from nuclear membrane and exits thru ER?

A

herpes

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22
Q

what kind of viremia is needed to infect cns and has high titer?

A

secondary

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23
Q

which cells does parvo infect?

A

crypt cells in s phase

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24
what are the 3 main changes after respiratory viral infection?
cessation of cilial beating mucus layer gone destruction of epithelial cells
25
what are the 3 ways viral lytic infections cause encephalitis?
neuronal necrosis neuronophagia perivascular cuffing
26
which viruses are lytic to cns?
toga | herpes
27
what 2 viruses cause demyelination in sheep?
maedi | visna
28
which 2 viruses can travel from cns to periphery?
herpes | rabies
29
what are macules formed by?
lasting local dilation of dermal bv
30
what causes papules?
from macules if there is edema and infiltration of cells
31
what causes vesicles?
seperation of epidermis from dermis by fluid pressure
32
what causes pustules?
vesicles infiltrated by neutrophils
33
which dna virus is oncogenic?
herpes
34
which rna virus is oncogenic?
retro
35
how can viruses activate cellular oncogenes? 4 ways
insertional mutagenesis transposition gene amplification mutation
36
what controls viral oncogenes?
long terminal repeats
37
oncogenes from what kind of viruses do not have cell homologs?
dna viruses
38
which retrovirus is both replication competent and carries a v- oncogene?
rous sarcoma
39
what are the 3 ways retroviruses cause tumors?
transducing cis activating trans activating
40
what is the tumor latency period and efficiency of a transducing retrovirus?
short latency | high efficiency
41
what is the tumor latency period and efficiency of a cis activating retrovirus?
intermediate ( weeks to months) latency | high to intermediate efficiency
42
what is the oncogenic factor of cis activating retrovirus?
cellular oncogene activated in situ by provirus
43
what is the viral genome of a transducing retrovirus?
viral-cellular chimera, replication defective
44
term for virus infection replicating continuously at very low level?
persistence
45
where might the genome go during true latency infection?
viral genome integrated into cellular genome or exist as episomes
46
What is the half life of maternal antibodies in cattle and horses?
21 days
47
What is the half life of maternal antibodies in dogs and cats?
10 days
48
What is the translocation cutoff time for colostrum in domestic animals?
2 days
49
What are the most important antibodies in colostrum for cattle, swine, and horses?
IgG
50
What are the most important antibodies in colostrum for dogs and humans?
IgA
51
What are the most important antibodies in milk of cattle and horses? Milk of swine and dogs?
Cattle and horses - IgG | Swine and dogs - IgA
52
What is degeneracy as relating to viral evolution?
redundancy, no ambiguity (codons encoding one AA may differ in any of their 3 positions)
53
What are the 3 types of genetic drift in viruses?
substitutions, insertions, deletions
54
What are the 3 forms of genetic shift in viruses?
recombination reassortment defective interfering particles
55
What is a frameshift mutation?
indels of a non-multiple of 3 nucleotide bases
56
What is the mutation rate for RNA viruses?
10-3 (DNA have 10-9)
57
What is the term for RNA viruses having one clone predominant in an infection within a host?
quasispecies
58
What is it called when an RNA dependent RNA polymerase attaches to a different template during recombination?
copy choice mechanism
59
What type of evolution result in mixed infections because of recombination?
genomic shift
60
What kind of viruses undergo reassortment?
segmented genome viruses
61
What do defective interfering particles need to replicate?
normal viral genomes
62
How are defective interfering particles highly flexible?
can tolerate large deletions or sequence rearangements
63
What is the term used when a cell infected with 2 viruses increases the yield of one virus or both?
complementation
64
What is the term that virus progeny can acquire phenotypic characteristics from both parents but only have one of their genomes?
phenotypic mixing
65
Which virus is not haploid?
retrovirus
66
What is it called when several nucleocapsids are found in a single envelope?
polyploidy
67
What kind of mutations can bring virulence back?
back mutations and complementary mutations
68
If reproduction number is greater than one, what does that mean?
epidemic
69
If the repro number is less than 1, what does that mean?
infection will die out
70
Which type of vaccine needs an adjuvant?
inactivated
71
Which vaccine only needs one dose?
attenuated
72
Which vaccine has a duration of immunity less than 1 year?
inactivated
73
What are the factors affecting efficacy of a vaccine?
heat liability vaccination frequency phsyiologic and immunolgic conditions human errors
74
What are the factors affecting safety of a vaccine?
``` underattenuation genetic instability contamination adverse effects in pregnant animals innoculation site rxns ```
75
What are the ways adjuvants increase immunogenicity?
prolong release of antigen activate macrophages induce mitogenicity for lymphocytes
76
How does Acyclovir, an anti-viral drug work?
it is a PRODRUG, requires viral coded enzyme to be active inside infected cells
77
At what temperature do viral surface proteins denature?
60 degrees C
78
What can be used to disinfect drinking water, food, utensils, dairies?
sodium hypochlorite (chlorox), and detergent iodophores (betadine)
79
What can be used to disinfect laundry, bedding and surface as a vapor?
formeldahyde
80
What can be used to disinfect hands, exam tables, cages and hospital surfaces?
Phenol derivatives (lysol)
81
What can be used to disinfect a wide range of hospital surfaces?
chlorohexadine
82
What can be used to disinfect heat sensitive medical supplies?
ethylene dioxide
83
What can be used to disinfect cold sterilization of instruments with lenses?
glutaraldehyde
84
What can be used to disinfect hands and thermometers?
alcohol
86
What can be used to disinfect wounds?
quarternary ammonium compounds (zephiran, roccal, savlon)
87
What is the term for infecting all culture cells simultaneously?
one step growth curve
88
Which DNA viruses are naked?
Circo, parvo, papo, adeno
89
Which RNA viruses are naked?
Picorna, calici, astro, reo, birna
90
What are the 9 DNA viruses?
Circo, Parvo, Hepadna, Papova, Adeno, Herpes, Asfa, Irido, Pox
91
What is the suffix for virus order?
-virales
92
What is the suffix for virus family?
-viridae
93
What is the suffix for virus subfamily?
-virinae
94
What is the suffix for virus genus and species?
-virus
95
What are the INDIRECT ways cell can acquire damage from viruses?
integration of viral genome induction of mutations in host genome inflammation host immune response
96
What are viral infections osmotically more severe in newborns?
Milk is osmotically active

Virology (10 decks)

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