Virtualization

Question 1

VM Types: System Virtual Machine

Answer 1

Complete platform designed to replace an entire physical computer and includes a full desktop/server operating system

Question 2

VM Types: Processor Virtual Machine

Answer 2

Designed to only run a single process or application like a virtualized web browser or a simple web server

Question 3

Hypervisor: Type I vs. Type II

Answer 3

Type I:
AKA: Bare Metal Hypervisor
There is no OS under the hypervisor

Type II:
The hypervisor is above the host OS

Question 4

VM: Container-Based

Answer 4

Application Containerization:
A single operating system kernel is shared across multiple virtual machines but each virtual machine receives its own user space for programs and data

Containerization allows for rapid and efficient deployment of distributed applications

Ex: Docker, Parallels Virtuozzo, OpenVZ

Question 5

VM Escape

Answer 5

An attack that allows an attacker to break out of a normally isolated VM by interacting directly with the hypervisor

Elasticity allows for scaling up or down to meet user demands

Question 6

Data Remnants

Answer 6

Contents of a virtual machine that exist as deleted files on a cloud-based server after deprovisioning of a virtual machine

Can be caused by elasticity

Question 7

Live Migration

Answer 7

When a VM is moved from one physical server to another over the network

Question 8

Securing VMs

Answer 8

Uses many of the same security measures as a physical server

Limit connectivity between the virtual machine and the host

Remove any unnecessary pieces of virtual hardware from the virtual machine

Using proper patch management is important to keeping your guest’s operating system secure

Question 9

Virtualization Sprawl

Answer 9

Occurs when virtual machines are created, used, and deployed without proper management or oversight by the system admins

Question 10

Fog & Fog Computing

Answer 10

Fog:
A cloud that’s close to your data
Cloud + IoT

Fog computing:
Distributed cloud architecture - extends the cloud
Private data never leaves (maximizes security)
Long-term analysis can occur in the cloud (internet only when required)

Question 11

Edge Computing

Answer 11

Technology & data for IoT devices occur on the device themselves
No latency, no network requirement
Increased speed/performance
Data is processed where it is, not in the cloud