What are virtual machines typical 4 options for network access?
None: as if they have no NIC installed.
Local: Network access only to other virtual machines on the same host.
Host Only: Access only to the host computer and not to the physical network or internet.
Bridged: Access to the physical network or internet.
How do you manage VMs?
Type 2 hypervisors likely have a basic console that runs locally and manages any local VMs.
Type 1 hypervisors that Enterprises use for virtualization have a more centralized management interface.
Microsoft (Hyper-V console) and VMware (vSphere console) install consoles on the administrator’s workstation that can then connect to one or more virtualization hosts and permit centralized remote administration.
VMs may also be managed from the command line.
What are 5 cloud characteristics?
On-demand self-service: Resources are provisioned when needed by the consumer without relying on the CSP.
Broad Network Access: Services are available on the business network or the Internet from most kinds of network-connected devices (phones, tablets, workstations/laptops, servers, etc.).
Resource pooling: Computing resources are pooled together and then allocated to tenants on an as-needed basis.
Rapid elasticity: Resource use is scaled up and down as needed, permitting consumers to pay for the quantity of resources that they need at any given time.
Measured Service: Resource utilization is monitored and billed based on actual use.
Cloud computing changes how organizations manage capital expenditure (CapEx), the skillsets required for sysadmins, and how software and hardware are maintained.
What is a Public Cloud?
Consist of data centers owned and maintained by CSPs that then share the resources of those data centers to customers. Customer data is dynamically allocated to available hardware resources as needed.
What is a Private Could?
Consists of one or more data centers that provide services exclusively to a single organization, and these are owned and maintained by that organization.
Offers significant data security but are very expensive.
What is a Community Cloud?
Exists in a data center owned and maintained by several organizations, and its resources are available exclusively to those organizations. This model takes advantage of the cost savings of having several organizations support the data center and maintains a higher degree of security.
What is a Hybrid Cloud?
A combination of the three cloud deployment models. An organization may choose to store some data in a private cloud deployment for security but other data in a public cloud deployment for cost savings.
What are cloud deployment models?
Private cloud
Public cloud
Community cloud
Hybrid cloud
What are could service models?
Classification for the provision of cloud services and the limit of the cloud service provider’s responsibility as software, platform, infrastructure, and so on.
“Anything as a Service”
What are the 3 basic cloud service models?
SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.
What is SaaS?
Software as a Service.
Customers have access to the software but the responsibility for installing, maintaining, and upgrading that software lies with the vendor. The vendor is also responsible for supporting the underlying hardware and OSs that run the software.
Ex. Microsoft Office 365, Google Docs, and Netflix.
SaaS target audience: End Users.
What is PaaS?
Platform as a Service.
The CSP supports the service structure, the underlying hardware, and the OSs.
Consumers populate and use the structure provided by the CSP, consumers are also responsible for the day to day management of the platform.
Ex. Amazon Web Service (AWS) Elastic Beanstalk and Google App Engine.
PaaS target audience: Developers, database administrators (DBAs)
What is IaaS?
Infrastructure as a Service.
Consumers access hardware that is made available and maintained by the CSP. Consumers install and maintain OSs and applications on that hardware, without having to absorb the cost of hardware support.
Essentially the use and control of VMs hosted in someone else’s data center.
Ex. AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Rackspace.
IaaS target audience: Systems administrators.
Who are the 3 major CSPs?
Amazon AWS: Has SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS solutions. AWS is hosted on Linux, and supports both Linux and Windows VMs. AWS data centers are distributed worldwide.
Microsoft Azure: Has SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS solutions. Hosted on Windows, and it can also support Linux and Windows VMs. Microsoft has data centers worldwide.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Has SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS solutions. Supports Linux and Windows and has worldwide data centers.
Each major CSP supports the three cloud service models. They each provide many different options tailored to meet the IT needs of almost any business.
What is the shared Security Model?
The CSP is responsible for the physical security of the data center and hardware availability.
The organization is responsible for the security of the data housed on that hardware.
What is a on premises, Physical Server?
Traditional server infrastructure.
Has a secured server room containing one or more racks of physical servers.
Each server has a single OS installed on it.
Allows for customized hardware and application solutions.
Less flexible than on-premises or cloud virtual deployments.
The organization is responsible for all aspects of maintaining the servers, including provisioning, administration, security, troubleshooting, and purchasing.
What is a on premises Virtual Server?
Similar to physical server deployments.
VMs often provide greater scalability, disaster recovery, and high availability.
The use of custom hardware or custom applications may be more difficult with virtualized servers.
On premises virtual servers allow an organization to retain complete control of the hardware, OS, applications, and data.
What is a Cloud, Virtual Server?
Cloud-based virtualization provides many advantages over on-premises deployments, whether physical or virtual.
Cloud services remove the direct support costs and effort for hardware, patching, and other administrative tasks.
May increase disaster recovery and high availability.
Cloud services provide simplified licensing and a pay-as-you-go model.
Access to resources is also dependent on a reliable and sufficiently fast Internet connection.
With Cloud Virtual server deployments sysadmins have less control over hardware, software, and resource access than they would with on-premises deployments.
What are advantages of on premise deployments?
The organization retains complete control of the deployment environment.
The organization retains complete control of administration and management.
The organization retains complete control of data.
Data may be maintained nearer to the users.
A high degree of application customization and specialized hardware is available.
What are disadvantages of on premise deployments?
The organization bears the entire cost of supporting the service, including hardware, installation, maintenance, and personnel.
There is a higher initial CapEx.
There is less flexibility with hardware utilization.
It is difficult to scale based on demand.
There is a slower deployment time.
The organization bears the entire cost of securing data and providing security expertise.
What are the advantages of Cloud deployments?
The organization only pays for the cloud resources that it consumes.
The organization does not bear the cost of supporting the service.
The organization retains control of most of the service administration and management.
There is a simplified licensing and pay-as-you-go model.
Data may be replicated worldwide and therefore be
available nearer to geographically dispersed users.
Geo-redundancy increases availability.
It may reduce CapEx.
It is much easier to scale based on demand.
Deployment time is quicker.
CSPs may offer security and administrative expertise.
What are disadvantages of cloud deployment?
The organization does not retain control of the deployment environment.
The organization may lose access to data in the event of the loss of Internet connectivity or CSP downtime.
It may increase operation expenditures (OpEx).
Data may be maintained farther from the users.
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Server Admin Concepts8
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Virtualization and cloud computing22
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Physical and Network Security Concepts22
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Managing Physical Assets45
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Managing Server Hardware38
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Configuring Storage Management36
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Installing and Configuring an Operating system52
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Troubleshooting OS, Application, and Network Configurations43
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Managing Post- Installation Administrative tasks58
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Managing Data Security16
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Managing Service and Data Availiblity47
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Decommissioning Servers6
