Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
What class of virus is poliovirus?
A
Picornavirus
2
Q
Does poliovirus have RNA or DNA?
A
RNA
3
Q
Is poliovirus enveloped?
A
No
4
Q
What diseases are caused by poliovirus?
A
- Aseptic meningitis
- Paralytic poliomyelitis
5
Q
How is poliovirus prevented?
A
Vaccine
6
Q
How is poliovirus treated?
A
No specific treatment
7
Q
What class of virus is coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
A
Picornavirus
8
Q
Do coxsackie and other enteroviruses have RNA or DNA?
A
RNA
9
Q
Are coxsackie and other enteroviruses enveloped?
A
No
10
Q
What diseases are caused by coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
A
- Aseptic meningitis
- Herpangina
- Myopericarditis
11
Q
Specficially, what causes myopericarditis?
A
Coxsackievirus B
12
Q
What is the treatment for coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
A
No specific treatment
13
Q
How many serotypes are there of rhinoviruses?
A
More than 100
14
Q
What class of virus are rhinoviruses?
A
Picornavirus
15
Q
Do rhinoviruses have RNA or DNA?
A
RNA
16
Q
Are rhinoviruses enveloped?
A
No
17
Q
What diseases do rhinoviruses cause?
A
Common cold
18
Q
What is the treatment for rhinoviruses?
A
No specific treatment
19
Q
What class of virus is arbovirus encephalitis?
A
Togavirus
20
Q
Does arbovirus encephalitis have RNA or DNA?
A
RNA
21
Q
Is arbovirus encephalitis enveloped?
A
Yes
22
Q
What class of virus is rubella?
A
Togavirus
23
Q
Does rubella have RNA or DNA?
A
RNA
24
Q
Is rubella enveloped?
A
Yes
25
What does rubella cause?
Rash (exanthema) in children and pregnant women
26
What is caused when rubella produces a rash in a pregnant woman?
Congenital rubella syndrome
27
How is rubella prevented?
A live attenuated virus vaccine
28
What class of virus is measles?
Paramyoxoviruses
29
Does measles have RNA or DNA?
ENA
30
Is measles enveloped?
Yes
31
What are the symptoms of measles?
* Fever
* Nasal discharge
* Rash
* Very rarely encephalitis and SSPE
32
How long does measles last for?
10-14 days
33
How are measles and mumps prevented?
Live attenuated virus vaccines
34
What class of virus is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
Paramyoxoviruses
35
Does RSV have RNA or DNA?
RNA
36
Is RSV enveloped?
Yes
37
What diseases are caused by RSV?
* Broncholitis
* Pneumonia (in infants)
* Common cold (in adults)
38
How is RSV treated?
Aerosolised ribavirin
39
When is RSV treated with aerosolised ribavirin?
In infants with severe RSV infections
40
What class of virus is rabies?
Coronaviruses
41
Does rabies have RNA or DNA?
RNA
42
Is rabies enveloped?
Yes
43
What kind of disease is rabies?
A zoonosis
44
How is rabies transmitted?
A bite from an animal
45
How is rabies prevented?
Vaccination of wild and domesticated animals
46
How is rabies treated?
* Local wound treatment
* Passive administration of antibody
* Vaccination
47
What are the strains of influenza?
A, B, and C
48
What class of virus is influenza?
Orthomyxovirus
49
Does influenza have RNA or DNA?
RNA
50
Is influenza enveloped?
Yes
51
What does influenza cause?
Significant mortality in certain individuals
52
In which individuals does influenza cause significant mortality?
* Elderly
* Those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease
53
What are the potential complications of influenza?
* Bacterial superinfections
* Reye's syndrome
54
How is influenza prevented?
Can be prevented by vaccination
55
What is special about the preparation of the influenza vaccine?
It is prepared annually from strains most likely to emerge in the coming season
56
How is influenza treated?
* Amantidine
* Rimantidine
* Other drugs
57
What strain of influenza is treated with amantidine?
A strains
58
What class of virus is rotavirus?
Reoviruses
59
Does rotavirus have RNA or DNA?
RNA
60
Is rotavirus enveloped?
No
61
What diseases does rotavirus cause?
Diarrhoeal illness
62
What types of rotavirus cause diarrhoeal illness?
A-D
63
When does rotavirus particularly cause diarrhoeal illness?
Infancy and childhood
64
What is rotavirus a major cause of?
Morbidity and mortality in the developing world
65
How can rotavirus diarrhoea be prevented?
* Improved hygiene.
* *Vaccines in development.*
66
How can rotavirus diarrhoea be treated?
Replacing water and electrolytes
67
What class of virus is HIV?
Human retrovirus
68
Does HIV have RNA or DNA?
RNA
69
Is HIV enveloped?
Yes
70
What does HIV infection cause?
Mononucleosis-like seroconversion illness 6-8 weeks after infection, followed by asymptomatic period, which typically lasts 8-10 years, before development of symptoms leading to AIDS
71
How is HIV treated?
* HAART including RT inhibitors
* NRT inhibitors
* Protease inhibitors (PIs)
72
What class of virus is adenovirus?
Adenovirus
73
Do adenovirus have RNA or DNA?
DNA
74
Are adenoviruses enveloped?
No
75
What diseases do adenoviruses cause?
* Pharyngoconjunctival fever
* Epidemics of acute respiratory disease
* Intestinal illness
* Keratoconjunctivitis
76
Give an example of an acute respiratory disease caused by adenovirus
Pneumonia
77
What intestinal illnesses can be caused by adenoviruses?
* Mesenteric adenitis
* Intususseption
78
How is adenovirus prevented?
Live oral vaccine
79
Who has the live oral vaccine to adenovirus been used in?
US military troops
80
How is adenovirus treated?
No specific treatment
81
What class of virus is papillamovirus?
Papovaviruses
82
Do papillamoviruses have RNA or DNA?
DNA
83
Are papillamovirses enveloped?
No
84
What diseases does papillimoviruses cause?
Skin and genital warts
85
What can sexually transmitted warts cause in children?
Laryngeal papilloma
86
How are children infected with papillamovirus?
Via the birth canal
87
What are some types of papillamovirus strongly associated with?
Genital cancer, *particularly carcinoma of the cervix*
88
What types of papillamovirus are strongly associated with genital cancer?
* HPV16
* HPV18
89
How are papillamovirus infections treated?
* *No effective antivirals or vaccines available.*
* Skin warts can be destroyed by freezing
* Areas of cervical dysplasia (genital warts) by laser treatment
90
How can skin warts be frozen?
Using liquid nitrogen
91
What class of virus is herpes simplex?
Herpesvirus
92
Does herpes simplex have RNA or DNA?
DNA
93
Is herpes simplex enveloped?
Yes
94
How is herpes simplex treated?
* Aciclovir
* Ganciclovir
95
What types of herpes simplex are treated with aciclovir?
* HSV
* VZV
96
What types of herpes simplex are treated with ganciclovir?
CMV
97
How is herpes simplex prevented?
Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG)
98
When is VZIG used?
When immunocompromised patients are exposed to infection
99
What class of virus is Epstein Barr?
Herpesvirus
100
Does Epstein Barr have RNA or DNA?
DNA
101
Is Epstein Barr enveloped?
Yes
102
What does Epstein Barr cause?
* Infectious mononucleosis *(glandular fever)*
* Burkitts lymphoma
* Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
103
What class of virus is cytomegalocirus (CMV)?
Herpesvirus
104
Does CMV have RNA or DNA?
DNA
105
Is CMV enveloped?
Yes
106
What does CMV cause?
* Mononucleosis
* Pneumonitis
107
What class of virus is hepatitis A?
Picornavirus
108
Does hepatitis A have RNA or DNA?
RNA
109
Is hepatitis A enveloped?
No
110
What does hepatitis A cause?
Hepatitis with a short incubation period
111
What is the average incubation period for hepatitis A?
4 weeks
112
What is the prognosis of hepatitis A?
* Condition generally self limiting
* About 0.1% of all cases are fatal
113
What causes fatality in hepatitis A?
Liver failure
114
How long does hepatitis A usually last for?
4 weeks
115
Is there chronic infection with hepatitis A?
No
116
How is hepatitis A prevented?
* Improved hygiene
* Human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG)
* Vaccine
117
What class of virus is hepatitis B?
Falviviruses
118
Does hepatitis C have RNA or DNA?
RNA
119
Is hepatitis C enveloped?
Yes
120
Does smallpox have RNA or DNA?
DNA
121
Is smallpox enveloped?
Yes
