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AVS 109 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins

A

Essential organic compounds required in small amounts

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2
Q

Fat soluble

A

dissolve in lipids; stored in liver and adipose tissue, many have hormonal type actions; plant based some pro-vitamin

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3
Q

Water soluble

A

absorbed in the small intestine; many act a enzymatic co-factors/co-enzymes after modification

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4
Q

What is the name for Vitamin A?

A

Retinol (eyes)

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5
Q

What is the name for D2?

A

Ergocalciferol (plants)

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6
Q

What is the name for D3?

A

Cholecalciferol (active in the animal body)

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7
Q

What is the name for Vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

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8
Q

What is the name for Vitamin K?

A

Phylloquinone (blood clotting)

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9
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

A

Vision
Bone development
Reproduction

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10
Q

Where is Vitamin A found?

A

organ meats, liver, fatty fish, and dairy products

Beta-carotene

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11
Q

What are some Vitamin A deficiencies?

A

Blindness

Reproduction disorders

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12
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

A

aid in calcium absorption
calcium storage
serum calcium regulation

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13
Q

Where is Vitamin D found?

A

sun cured plants

animal food

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14
Q

What are some Vitamin D deficiencies?

A

Rickets

osteoporosis

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15
Q

What are some functions of Vitamin E?

A 
Antioxidant
maintain integrity of cell membranes
maintenance of heart function
protects skin and scar tissue and inflammation
often associated with selenium
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16
Q

Where is Vitamin E found?

A

vegetable oil, seeds, soybeans, avocados, etc

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17
Q

What are some Vitamin E deficiencies?

A

Rare

selenium deficiency causes white muscle disease

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18
Q

What are some functions of Vitamin K?

A

coagulation of blood

contributes to bone and tooth development

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19
Q

Where is Vitamin K found?

A

green vegetables

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20
Q

What are some Vitamin K deficiencies?

A

Rare (found in infants) by excessive bleeding.

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21
Q

Water soluble vitamins are absorbed where?

A

Small intestine

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22
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin B Complex?

A

healthy skin and muscle tone
enhance immune and nervous system
promote cell metabolism and growth
blood cell formation/maturation

23
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C?

A

Antioxidant
formation of collagen to hold the cells together
improves ion absorption and resistance to infection
benefits of high doses to immune system are debatable

24
Q

What are some deficiencies of Vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

25
Q

Where are minerals found?

A

all food groups

animal products

26
Q

How are minerals classified?

A

Macro and Micro

27
Q

What are some types of Macro minerals?

A

Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Cl

28
Q

What are some types of Micro minerals?

A

Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Se, I, Mn, Co

29
Q

Macro minerals are presented in the body in larger or smaller amounts compared to micro?

A

Larger

30
Q

What are the functions of Calcium?

A

bone structure
nerve function
blood clotting

31
Q

Where is calcium found?

A

dairy products, green vegetables

32
Q

What are some Calcium deficiencies?

A

Rickets, osteoporosis, milk fever

33
Q

What are the functions of Phosphorous?

A

Bone development, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, blood pH.

34
Q

What are some Phosphorous deficiencies?

A

rickets, osteoporosis, pica, low fertility, poor milk production

35
Q

What are some functions of Sodium?

A

acid-base and osmotic balance of body fluids
nerve conduction
major cation of extracellular fluid

36
Q

What are some functions of chloride?

A

acid-base osmotic regulation

HCl and chloride salts in intestine secretions

37
Q

What are some functions of Sulfur?

A

involved in enzyme reactions and protein synthesis

necessary for the formation of collagen

38
Q

What is the deficiency related to Sulfur?

A

protein deficiency

39
Q

What are some functions of Magnesium?

A

associated with Ca and P
energy metabolism
involved in enzyme activities

40
Q

What are some functions of Potassium?

A

Acid-base osmotic regulation
nerve and muscle function
co-factor in several reactions involving carbohydrate metabolism

41
Q

Can overfeeding Potassium lead to metabolic disorders?

A

Yes

42
Q

What are some functions of Iron?

A

oxygen transport via hemoglobin
Immune system function
cellular energy metabolism

43
Q

What are some iron deficiencies?

A

nutritional deficiency

44
Q

What are some functions of copper?

A

energy metabolism
iron metabolism
bone strength

45
Q

What are some copper deficiencies?

A

Neuro degeneration in animals and humans

decrease wool/hair growth

46
Q

What are some functions of Selenium?

A

protect cells from damage by free radicals
important antioxidant function
very narrow range between deficiency and toxicity

47
Q

What are some examples of selenium deficiency?

A 
Keshans Disease 
cardiac muscle degeneration
white muscle disease 
increased mortality
poor growth
48
Q

What are some functions of Iodine?

A

aids in production of thyroid hormones

necessary for healthy hair and teeth

49
Q

What are some deficiencies in iodine?

A

common in areas where there is little iodine in the diet

50
Q

What does cobalt do?

A

synthesis

51
Q

What does Chromium do?

A

immune function

52
Q

What does Zinc do?

A

DNA and immune function

53
Q

What does Molybdenum do?

A

excessive dietary intake can reduce a copper deficiency.

AVS 109 (10 decks)

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