Vocab

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The movement of chemical substances usually cross the cell membrane against A concentration gradient requires cells to use energy

Question 2

Anti-bodies

Answer 2

a protien that reacts to a specific antigen or that inactivates or destroys toxins

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The steady-state physiological condition of the body

Question 5

Hormones

Answer 5

A substance that is secreted by cells and that acts to regulate the activity of other cells in the body

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution(of a solute) to a more concentrated solution(of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent

Question 8

Passive transport

Answer 8

The movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Question 9

Concentration gradient

Answer 9

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside the cell

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

The transport of substances through a cell membrane along the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins

Question 14

Ion channels

Answer 14

A complex of protein molecules in the cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out

Question 17

Positive feedback

Answer 17

The release of an initial hormone that stimulates release or production of other hormones or substances which stimulate further release of the initial hormone

Question 18

Negative feedback

Answer 18

A mechanism of homeostasis whereby a step in a series of events inhibits the initial signal in the series

Question 19

Cell theory

Answer 19

The theory that states that all living things are made up of one or more cells that cells are the basic units of organisms that you each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job and that sells come only from existing cells

Question 20

Cell/plasma membrane

Answer 20

Or cell membrane the cells outer boundary

Question 21

Cytoplasm

Answer 21

The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid the cytoskeleton and all of the organelles except the nucleus

Question 22

Organelle

Answer 22

One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a special function

Question 23

Tissue

Answer 23

A collection of specialized cells and cells products that perform a specific function

Question 24

Organ

Answer 24

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Question 25

Organ system

Answer 25

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cells DNA and that has a role in processes

Question 27

Prokaryote

Answer 27

A single cell organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelle's

Question 28

Eukaryote

Answer 28

Organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle

Question 29

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 29

A double layer of phospholipids that makes a plasma an organelle membranes

Question 30

Ribosome

Answer 30

A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein the site of protein synthesis

Question 31

Mitochondrion

Answer 31

In eukaryotic cells the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration which produces ATP

Question 32

Cilium

Answer 32

A hair like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells

Question 33

Flagellum

Answer 33

A long hair like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

Question 34

Centriole

Answer 34

An organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis

Question 35

Cell wall

Answer 35

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provide support to the cell

Question 36

Pathogen

Answer 36

A virus micro organism or other organism that causes disease an infectious agent

Question 37

Inflammatory response

Answer 37

A protective response of tissues affected by disease or injury characterized by redness swelling and pain

Question 38

Lymphocyte

Answer 38

A type of white blood cell that exists in two primary forms T cells and B cells

Question 39

Antigen

Answer 39

A substance that stimulates an immune response

Question 40

Vaccination

Answer 40

The administration of treated micro organisms or material from a pathogen into humans or animals to induce an immune response