Vocab Units 1-5 Flashcards
city
도시
Common Usages:
대도시 = a large city
신도시 = a new city (usually a city that is planned to serve a specific purpose)
도시가스 = the gas that is used in one’s home (by the heating systems and stoves)
도시남자 = a city boy/man (kind of a “cool” and “cold” style of man)
Example:
서울은 큰 도시예요 = Seoul is a big city
어느 도시에 갈 거예요? = What city are you going to go to?
이 도시는 분위기가 좋아요 = This city has a good atmosphere
서울 대신에 다른 도시에 갈 거예요? = Other than Seoul, will you go to another city?
강가에는 도시에서 내려온 많은 쓰레기가 쌓여 있어요 = A great deal of garbage that had flowed down from the city was piled on the riverbank
chair
의자
Common Usages
의자에 앉다 = sit on a chair
Example
그녀는 의자에서 일어났어요 = She rose up from her chair
고양이는 의자 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the chair
의자는 탁자보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the table
저는 의자를 앞으로 움직였어요 = I moved my chair forward
table
탁자
Notes: The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a “상.” A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying “식탁.”
Common Usages
탁자 위에 = on top of the table
탁자에 놓다 = to place on a table
Examples
저는 잡지를 탁자 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the magazine on the table
펜이 탁자에 놓여 있었어요 = The pen was (laying) on the table
의자는 탁자보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the table
밖에 나가기 전에 열쇠를 탁자에 두었어요 = Before I went outside, I put the keys on the table
이 탁자가 너무 낮아요 = This table is too low
병이 탁자에서 떨어졌다 = The bottle fell from the table
tree/wood
나무
Common Usages: 소나무 = pine tree 대나무 = bamboo 단풍나무 = maple tree 나무뿌리 = root of a tree 나무를 심다 = to plant a tree
Examples
저는 집을 나무로 지었어요 = I made a house out of wood
나는 우리 집을 나무로 지었어 = I built our house out of wood
대부분의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in trees
아이들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The children are playing around the tree
country
나라
Common Usages:
우리 나라 = “our country” (usually used to refer to Korea by Korean people)
Examples:
어느 나라에서 왔어요? What country did you come from?
미국은 민주적인 나라예요 = The US is a democratic nation
한국은 좋은 나라예요? = is Korea a good country?
한국이 곧 좋은 나라가 될 것이다 = Korea will become a good country soon
한국은 다른 나라보다 땅이 작아요 = Korea’s land is small compared to other countries
window
창문
Common Usages:
창문을 열다 = to open a window
창문을 닫다 = to close a window
창문 너머로 = through a window
Examples:
너무 더워서 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too hot
저는 창문 너머에 봤어요 = I looked through the window
저는 팔을 창문 너머로 내밀었어요 = I stuck my arm through the window
창문이 커튼으로 가려져 있어요 = The window is covered by the curtains
아버지는 창문을 잠갔어요= Dad locked the window
magazine
잡지
Common Usages 잡지를 읽다 = to read a magazine 잡지 기사 = magazine article 잡지구독 = magazine subscription 잡지사 = magazine company 잡지 편집장 = magazine editor
Example:
저는 잡지를 읽었어요 = I read a magazine
저는 잡지를 탁자 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the magazine on the table
이 잡지를 가져가도 돼요? = May I take this magazine?
refrigerator
냉장고
Common Usages:
김치냉장고 = kimchi refrigerator (these actually exist – most Korean families would have [at least] one)
(음식을) 냉장고에 넣다 = to put (food) in the fridge
(음식을) 냉장고에서 꺼내다 = to take something out of the fridge
Examples:
저는 야채를 냉장고에 넣었어요 = I put the vegetables in the fridge
자석을 냉장고에 그냥 붙여 놓았어요 = I just stuck the magnet onto the fridge
저는 당근을 칼로 잘라서 냉장고에 넣었어요 = I cut carrots with a knife and then put them into the fridge
rat, mouse
쥐
Common Usages:
다람쥐 = squirrel
박쥐 = bat (the animal)
쥐 죽은 듯이 조용하다 = An idiom for “to be as quiet as a mouse” (literally, as if a mouse died)
Example:
쥐는 너무 더러워요 = Rats are very dirty
저는 쥐를 들었어요 = I heard a mouse
개는 고양이랑 쥐보다 더 커요 = Dogs are bigger than cats and mice
우리 아빠가 쥐를 집에서 한 마리씩 쫓아냈어요 = Our dad chased the rats out of our house one by one
building
건물
Common Usages:
건물 내에 = inside a building
건물 외에 = outside a building
Examples:
그 건물은 너무 높아요 = That building is very high
그 건물은 어제와 달라요 = That building is different from yesterday
저 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = That school is a historical building
한국은 문화적인 건물이 많아요 = Korea has a lot of cultural buildings
건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Go past the building, then go right
bank
은행
Common Usages: 은행원 = a banker 한국은행 = Bank of Korea 농협은행 = Nonghyup Bank 국민은행 = Kookmin bank
Examples:
호텔은 은행 옆에 있어요 = The hotel is beside the bank
아버지는 은행에 들어갔어요 = My dad went into the bank
저의 친구는 은행 안에 있어요 = My friend is in the bank
저는 친구를 만나고 나서 은행에 갈 거예요 = I will meet a friend and then go to the bank
친구가 오기 전에 저는 은행에 갔어요 = Before my friend came, I went to the bank
inside
안
Common Usages:
집 안에 = inside a house
방 안에 = inside a room
Notes: Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which direction in reference to that noun something occurs. ~에 is typically attached to a word of position. For example:
저의 친구는 은행 안에 있어요 = My friend is in the bank
개는 집 안에 있어요 = The dog is in the house
안 can also be used to indicate that some action is completed “within” or “inside” a time period. This usage is discussed in Lesson 24. For example:
on top
위
Notes: ㅅ is often added to 위 as a 받침. This is discussed in Lesson 131.
Common Usages:
윗도리 = clothes worn on the upper part of one’s body
윗사람 = one’s superior
Example:
잡지는 탁자 위에 있어요 = The magazine is on the table
우리 집은 언덕 위에 있어요 = Our house is on top of the hill
새는 구름 위에 날고 있어요 = The bird is flying above the clouds
below
밑
Example:
고양이는 의자 밑에 있어요 = The cat is below the chair
beside
옆
Common Usages:
옆집 = the house next to another house
옆방 = the room next to another room
옆구리 = one’s side/flank
Example:
학교는 은행 옆에 있어요 = The school is next to the bank
은행이 학교 바로 옆에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) next to the school
강 옆에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain next to the river
저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 = I built a hospital beside the park
나는 학교 옆에 서 있어 = I’m standing next to the school
behind
뒤
Common Usages: 뒷면 = the back side 뒷산 = refers to a mountain usually “behind” one’s house 뒷다리 = the back (hind) legs of an animal 뒷담화하다 = to talk behind one’s back
Examples:
병원은 박물관 뒤에 있어요 = The hospital is behind the museum
저는 학교 뒤에 있어요 = I am behind the school
저는 큰 박스 뒤에 숨었어요 = I hid behind a big box
in front
앞
Common Usages:
앞면 = the front side 앞다리 = the front legs of an animal 눈앞에 = in-front of one’s eyes 앞으로 = in the future
Example:
집은 가게 앞에 있어요 = The house is in-front of the store
저는 집 앞에 있는 눈을 다 치웠어요 = I cleaned up the snow in-front of the house
airport
공항
Common Usages:
인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport
공항버스 = Airport bus
공항철도 = Airport railroad
Examples:
저는 인천공항에서 출발했어요 = I departed from Incheon airport
저는 어제 공항에 처음 갔어요 = I went to the airport for the first time yesterday
hospital
병원
Notes: In English, I would only go to the “hospital” if I was really sick, and I would “go to the doctor” if I had some minor illness. In Korean, they go to the hospital for minor and major problems. This is because even small doctors’ offices are referred to as a “병원.” If you are really sick, you would probably need to go to a “대학병원.”
Common Usages: 병원비 = hospital bills 대학병원 = university hospital 동물병원 = animal hospital (vet) 병원에 입원하다 = to be admitted to a hospital 병원에서 퇴원하다 = to finish treatment and leave a hospital
Examples:
저는 아파서 병원에 갈 거예요 = I’m going to the hospital because I am sick
저는 저의 친구를 병원에서 봤어요 = I saw my friend at the hospital
저는 먼 병원에 갔어요 = I went to a far away hospital (a hospital that is far away)
엄마가 어디에 있어요? 병원에 갔어요? = Where is mom? Did she go to the hospital?
park
공원
Common Usages:
놀이공원 = amusement park
국립공원 = national park
Examples:
친구들이랑 공원에서 놀았어요 = I played in the park with friends
저는 남편을 공원에서 만날 거예요 = I will meet my husband at the park
저는 아버지랑 공원에 갈 거예요 = I will go to the park with my dad
저는 내일 공원에 갈 거예요 = I am going to the park tomorrow
나는 공원에서 친구를 만났어 = I met a friend at the park
우리는 공원에서(/을) 산책했어요 = We went for a walk in the park
이 장소는 공원이 될 것이다 = This place will become a park
일요일이어서 저는 공원에 가고 싶어요 = It is Sunday, so I want to go to the park
head
머리
Common Usages: 머리카락 = hair 머리띠 = hairband 머리핀 = hairpin 머리뼈 = skull 머리가 아프다 = to have a head ache 머리를 감다 = to wash one’s hair 머리를 묶다 = to tie up one’s hair
Notes: This is used to refer to one’s head or the hair on one’s head. For example, if you get a haircut, you can say “머리를 잘랐어요.” Note that this does not mean “I cut my head.” To specifically refer to the hair on your head, you can use “머리카락”
Examples:
머리가 아파서 학교에 못 가요 = I can’t go to school because my head hurts
저는 머리를 긁었어요 = I scratched my head
머리를 감을 때마다 눈이 아파요 = Every time I wash my hair, my eyes hurt
여자의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워요 = That girl’s hair color is natural
친구가 머리를 깎은 것을 알아보지 못했어요 = I couldn’t recognize that my friend cut his hair
저의 머리카락을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 = I told her to please stop twisting my hair
leg
다리
Common Usages: 앞다리 = an animal’s front legs 뒷다리 = an animal’s back (hind) legs 양다리 = a way to refer to a person who has two girlfriends or boyfriends 양반다리를 하다 = to cross one’s legs 다리가 후들거리다 = for one’s legs to shake
Example: 다리가 길었으면 좋겠어요 = I wish my legs were long
다리에 있는 문신을 포함하면 저는 문신 네 개가 있어요
= If you include the tattoo on my leg, I have four tattoos
제가 스트레칭을 안 하고 바로 운동을 하다가 갑자기 다리에 쥐가 났어요
= I suddenly got a cramp in my leg while exercising because I didn’t stretch and exercised right away
