Vocab Units 37-40 Flashcards
road
도로
Common Usages: 고속도로 = highway (high speed road) 자전거 전용 도로 = a road/lane for bikes only 일방통행도로 = a one-way road 보행자 도로 = a pedestrian road
Examples:
PLAY일반 도로가 피해를 입어서 고속도로가 막힐 것 같아요
= The regular road was damaged so the highway will probably be blocked up
이 도로를 따라서 쭉 걸어가면 병원이 나와요
= If you walk straight down this road, you’ll see the hospital (the hospital will come out)
highway
고속도로
Common Usages:
고속도로통행료 = toll fees on a highway
고속도로 휴게소 = highway rest stop
Examples:
그 고속도로에서 트럭을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a truck on that highway
이 사거리를 지나면 고속도로가 시작돼요 = If you go past this intersection, the highway starts
PLAY고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요= I will take the normal road because the highway is blocked up
한국에서 고속도로를 사용하면 고속도로통행료를 내야 해요
= In Korea, when you drive on the highway you must pay the toll fees
고속도로에서 발생한 사고에 의해 사람들이 지나가지 못했어요
= Due to the accident (that occurred) on the highway, people couldn’t pass
Buddhist monk
스님
Examples:
저는 스님께 돈을 드렸어요 = I gave money to the monk
스님을 보고 싶으면 절에 가야 해요 = If you want to see a Buddhist monk, you need to go to a temple
스님이 되고 싶으면 욕심을 다 버려야 돼요
= If you want to become a Buddhist monk you need to get rid of all of your greed
PLAY공원에 스님이 있어서 우리는 술을 다른 곳에서 마셨어요
= There was a monk in the park, so we drank our alcohol in another place
authorities
당국
Examples:
당국이 올 때까지 기다려 주시기 바랍니다 = Please wait until the authorities come
PLAY그 남자가 불법 행동을 하는 것을 봐서 저는 당국에 바로 말할 거예요
= I saw that man do something illegal (an illegal act) so I will tell the authorities immediately
이 일에 관련이 있는 당국은 오늘 안에 일을 꼭 처리해야 돼요
= The authorities that are involved with this case should deal with it by today
lunch box
도시락
Notes: “Lunch boxes” are usually different in Korea compared to the west. Nevertheless, the food one brings to work, school or some event to eat later is usually referred to a “도시락.” It doesn’t necessarily need to be for lunch, but the translation is usually a “lunch box”
Common Usages:
도시락반찬 = lunch box side dishes
도시락을 싸다 = to pack a lunch box
Examples:
제가 어렸을 때는 엄마가 매일 도시락을 싸 줬어요
= When I was young, my mom packed a lunch box for me everyday
아침에 엄마가 싸 준 도시락을 깜박하고 안 가져왔어요
= I forgot to bring the lunch box that my mom packed for me in the morning
PLAY도시락을 안 가져와서 점심을 못 먹을 거예요
= I won’t be able to eat lunch because I didn’t bring my lunch box
엄마는 나와 아빠를 위해 도시락을 만들어서 점심으로 그 도시락을 먹을 거다.
= Mom made a lunch box for dad and I, so we will eat that for lunch.
damage
피해
Common Usages: 피해자 = victim 피해를 입다 = to get damaged 금정적인 피해 = financial damage 인명 피해 = damage to human life (“casualties”) …(으)로 인한 피해 = damage due to…
Examples:
PLAY우리 집이 홍수로 피해를 입어서 집에 못 들어가요
= We can’t go into our house because it was damaged by the flood
일반 도로가 피해가 입어서 고속도로가 막힐 것 같아요
= The regular road was damaged so the highway will probably be blocked up
시민들이 홍수로 인한 피해를 입은 길을 복구하고 있다
= The citizens are restoring the street that was damaged by the flood
이번 홍수로 인해 한국에 심각한 금전적인 피해가 있었어요
= There was serious financial damage in Korea due to this flood
plastic surgery
성형
Notes: 성형 itself refers to “plastic surgery,” but it is usually combined with another word. When referring to the surgery itself, it is common to say “성형수술.”
Common Usages:
성형수술을 받다 = to get plastic surgery
성형외과의사 = a plastic surgeon
Examples:
PLAY저는 너무 못생겨서 성형수술을 받고 싶어요
= I want to get plastic surgery because I am so ugly
점점 많은 사람들이 성형수술에 관심을 갖기 시작했어요
= More and more people are starting to get interested in plastic surgery
그 연예인이 성형수술을 많이 받아서 옛날과 아주 달라 보여요
= That celebrity looks very different than before because she got a lot of plastic surgery
continuous holidays
연휴
Notes: One day holidays in Korea can fall in the middle of the week, in which case they are not considered “연휴.” However, it is possible that a one day holiday lines up with a weekend, in which case it would create a long weekend. In these cases, it can be called a “연휴.” The Hanja characters for 연휴 mean “connected”(連) and “holiday/break”(休) respectively.
Common Usages:
추석연휴 = Chuseok holiday (three day holiday in the fall around Thanksgiving)
설날연휴 = Seolnal holiday (three day holiday in the winter)
황금연휴 = When 추석 or 설날 line up with weekends to create an extended holiday
Examples:
PLAY이번 주말이 연휴라서 우리 엄마 집에 갈 거예요
= This weekend is a long weekend, so I will go to our mom’s house
내년 추석은 일주일 내내 쉴 수 있는 황금연휴예요
= Next year, Chuseok will be an extra long holiday where we can rest for a week
이번 주말이 연휴라서 특별한 계획이 있나요?
= This weekend is a long weekend, so do you have any special plans?
the latest
최신
Notes: 최신 is a noun but is usually placed before another noun to describe it like an adjective
Common Usages: 최신 유행 = latest trend 최신 기술 = latest technology 최신 음악 = latest music 최신 핸드폰 = latest cell phones
Examples:
PLAY그것이 최신 정보여서 맞는 것 같아요
= That is the latest (most up-to-date) information, so it is probably right
PLAY최신 핸드폰이 아니라서 이 앱이 아주 느려요
= This isn’t the latest cell phone, so the app is really slow
많은 사람들이 최신 아이폰이 출시되는 첫날에 핸드폰을 사기 위해서 새벽부터 기다려요
= Many people wait from early in the morning to buy the latest cell phones on the day that they are released
on the other hand
한편
한편 has different usages. In its most simple usage, it can be used to indicate the same side or same direction. For example:
너랑 나는 항상 한편이야 = You and I are always on the same side
It is also possible to be used to mean “on the other hand.” When used like this, there are usually two clauses that oppose each other connected by some grammatical principle that means “although.” In this usage,~으로 it is commonly attached to 한편. For example:
저는 결혼한 게 좋지만 한편으로 결혼 전 생활도 그리워요
= I like being married, but, on the other hand, I also miss my life before I got married
일을 해서 돈을 버는 게 좋지만 한편으로 자유 시간이 없어서 일을 하고 싶지 않아요
= Working and earning money is good, but, on the other hand, I don’t want to work because I don’t have any free time
한 명 한 명에게 편지를 쓰다 보니 함께 쌓아온 추억이 생각나면서 기분이 좋아졌다. 한편으로는 친구들을 다시 볼 수 없다는 생각에 나는 마음이 아팠다.
= While writing letters to each of my friends, I realized/thought about all of the memories that piled up (with those friends), so I was very happy. On the other hand, the thought of not being able to see those friends again made me upset.
on the other hand
반면
Notes: 반면(에) is usually described by a preceding clause and placed as the noun in ~는 것. The following clause describes the opposite of the first clause. For example:
많은 젊은 사람들이 피자를 좋아하는 반면에 나이가 드신 분들은 피자를 싫어해요
= Many young people like pizza, but on the other hand, older people don’t like pizza
서울에는 많은 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 많은 반면에 서쪽 지역에는 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 거의 없어요 = In Seoul, there are many facilities in place for people to enjoy a cultured life, while in the western region cultural facilities are almost non-existent.
to jump
점프하다
Notes: The Korean word for “jump” is “도약하다,” but these days people more commonly use the English-derived “점프하다.”
Common Usages:
점프슛 = jump shot (in basketball)
Examples:
공을 던지면 점프하세요! = When I throw the ball, jump!
to suck
빨다
Examples:
PLAY애기가 손가락을 계속 빨아서 지금 손가락이 끈적거려요
= The baby kept sucking his fingers, so now they are sticky
어린 애기들은 보통 엄지손가락을 자주 빨아요
= Young babies usually suck on their thumbs often
어미 젖을 빨고 있는 아기 강아지가 너무 귀여워요
= The baby puppy sucking on the breast of its mother is so cute
to open one’s eyes
뜨다
Notes: 뜨다 actually has many meanings. If it is not used to refer to opening one’s eyes, it is usually used to indicate that something is raised, lifted or floating. For example:
비행기가 뜨다 = for an airplane to take off
해가 뜨다 = for the sun to rise
Common Usages:
눈을 뜨다 = to open one’s eyes
새로운 세계에 눈을 뜨다 = Open one’s eyes to new ideas/thinking/world (to not know about something, and then for something to make you realize a new way of thinking)
Examples:
그 남자는 눈을 뜬 채로 죽었다 = That man died with his eyes open
저는 프랑스에 유학을 가서 예술 세계에 눈을 떴어요
= I studied abroad in France and my eyes were opened to the art world
아침에 눈을 뜨자마자 저는 꼭 커피를 마셔야 해요
= As soon as I wake up in the morning (as soon as my eyes open), I need to have coffee right away
to close one’s eyes
감다
Common Usages:
눈을 감다 = to close one’s eyes
Examples:
눈을 감고 음악을 들으면 잠이 잘 들어요
= When I close my eyes and listen to music, I fall asleep (“well”)
제가 자장가를 부르면 우리 아기는 바로 눈을 감아요
= When I sing a lullaby, our baby immediately closes his eyes
to fight verbally
다투다
Common Usages:
말다툼 = an argument
Notes: 다투다 is generally used in two ways. One is to indicate that one “argues” with somebody:
저와 제 남자친구는 사소한 문제로 자주 다퉈요
= My boyfriend and I often argue over minor problems
제가 세상에서 제일 싫어하는 것은 말다툼을 하는 거예요
= The thing I hate the most in the world is arguing (with people)
PLAY우리가 어제 다퉈서 저는 그랑 얘기하고 싶지 않아요
= I don’t want to talk with him because we had an argument (we argued) yesterday
The other common way is to indicate that one competes in a competition. For example:
이 대회에서는 많은 고등학생들이 수학 실력을 다투고 있어요
= In this competition, many high school students are competing (with their) math skills
그 선수 두 명은 경주마다 선두를 다퉈요
= Those two athletes/competitors compete for first place (for the lead) in every race
to compete, to fight, to vie for
겨루다
Notes: 겨루다 is very similar to 다투다, but it wouldn’t be used to indicate an argument, just a competition (much like the second usage of 다투다 above).
Common Usages:
승부를 겨루다 = to compete for victory
실력을 겨루다 = to compete one’s abilities (This doesn’t sound natural in English, but 실력 is put in these types of sentences. Instead of just saying “Those two people are competing” they would say “Those two people are competing their skills”)
그 두 팀은 다음 주에 우승을 겨룰 거예요
= Those two teams will compete for the championship next week
올림픽에서는 각 나라의 선수들이 실력을 겨루기 위해 모여요
= In the Olympics, athletes from each country gather to compete (their skills)
정정당당하게 실력을 겨루는 것이 스포츠에서 가장 중요한 덕목이에요
= Competing fairly (fair and squarely) is the most important virtue in sports
to establish, to open
개설하다
Common Usages:
수업을 개설하다 = to open up/start a class
강좌를 개설하다 = to open up/start a lecture
Examples:
이번 학기에 우리 대학교는 새로운 수업을 많이 개설했어요
= This semester, our school opened up many new classes/courses
새로 개설한 수업들은 보통 기존의 수업들보다 인기가 많아요
= Newly established courses are usually more popular than basic courses
Person 1: PLAY우리 학교가 영어회화 수업이 없어요? = Our school doesn’t have an English Conversation class?
Person 2: PLAY네, 없어요. 그래서 제가 다음 학기부터 개설할 거예요 = Right, there isn’t any. That’s why I’m going to start one beginning next semester
for one’s heart to be beating fast in excitement
설레다
Notes: It is common to also see/hear “설레이다” used. Officially, 설레다 is the correct word. The word is generally used to indicate that one is excited.
Common Usages:
가슴이 설레다 = for one’s heart to be beating fast in excitement
마음이 설레다 = for one’s heart/mind to be beating fast in excitement
Examples:
너의 눈을 응시할 때 가슴이 설레어 = When I gaze into your eyes, my heart flutters
그 연예인의 사인을 받았을 때 너무 설레었어요 = When I got that celebrity’s signature, I was really excited
오늘은 남자친구와 데이트가 있어서 마음에 설레어요
= I’m excited because I have a date with my boyfriend today
제가 제 남편을 처음 만났을 때 너무 잘생겨서 가슴이 설렜어요
= When I first met my husband, I was excited (my heart was beating fast) because he is/was very handsome
미래에 나는 사육사가 될 것이다! 그래서 항상 동물들과 함께 있을 것이다! 그 생각 만으로 나는 가슴이 설레었다. = In the future, I am going to be a zookeeper! That way/therefore, I can always be with animals! Just thinking about that made me excited!
to have one’s eyes open
떠지다
Common Usages:
눈이 떠지다 = for one’s eyes to be opened
Examples:
저는 매일 아침 7시에 눈이 떠져요 = My eyes open (I wake up) every day at 7:00 in the morning
아침에 중요한 회의가 있어서 눈이 자동으로 떠졌어요 = I had an important meeting this morning, so my eyes opened automatically (I woke up automatically in the morning)
to have one’s eyes closed
감기다
Common Usages:
눈이 감기다 = for one’s eyes to be closed
Examples: PLAY오늘 너무 피곤해서 눈이 자꾸 감겨요 = My eyes keep shutting because I’m so tired
우리 엄마는 10시만 되면 눈이 감기기 시작해요 = At (only) 10:00, my mom’s eyes start to close
할아버지는 눈이 감기기 시작하시면서 잠에 들었어요 = Our grandfather fell asleep as his eyes started to close
investor
투자자
Common Usages: 주식투자자 = stock investor 개미투자자 = a person who only invests a small amount of money on stocks 투자자를 모집하다 = to recruit investors 해외투자자 = foreign investors
Examples:
주식에 투자하는 많은 사람들이 돈을 잃어요 = Many people lose money investing in stocks
PLAY투자자가 없기 때문에 우리는 다른 방법으로 할 거예요
= We will do it another way because there are no investors
주식투자자는 항상 세계 금융 상황에 관심을 가져야 해요
= Stock market investors always need to be aware/interested in the global financial situation
stocks
주식
Common Usages: 주식시장 = stock market 주식을 매매하다 = to buy and sell stocks 주식을 사다 / 매수하다 = to buy stocks 주식을 팔다 / 매도하다 = to sell stocks 세계주식시장 = world stock market 한국주식시장 = Korean stock market 주식이 오르다 = for stock (prices) to go up 주식이 떨어지다 = for stock (prices) to go down
Examples: 제가 산 주식은 좀 비쌌어요 = The stocks I bought were a bit expensive
PLAY주식을 많이 샀기 때문에 돈이 없어요 = I don’t have any money because I bought a lot of stocks
주식에 투자하는 많은 사람들이 돈을 잃어요 = Many people lose money investing in stocks
주식투자자는 항상 세계 금융 상황에 관심을 가져야 해요 = Stock market investors always need to be aware/interested in the global financial situation
stock market
주식시장
Common Usages:
세계주식시장 = world stock market
한국주식시장 = Korean stock market
Examples:
PLAY주식시장 때문에 요즘에 스트레스를 많이 받아요
= I am very stressed these days because of the stock market
세계주식시장은 경제 상황에 따라 좋을 수도 있고 나쁠 수도 있어요
= The world stock market can get better or get worse depending on the economic situation
한국주식시장은 작년에 상황이 좋지 않아서 많은 투자자들이 돈을 잃었어요
= Many investors lost money last year because the (situation of the) Korean stock market wasn’t good
school uniform
교복
Examples:
PLAY교복 때문에 아주 더워요 = I’m really hot because of my school uniform
저는 매일 교복 차림으로 학교에 갔어요 = I went to school every day wearing my uniform
PLAY학생들이 교복을 입기 때문에 다 똑같은 옷을 입었어요 = All the students wore exactly the same clothes because they wear uniforms
goddess
여신
Examples:
PLAY그 여자가 여신 같기 때문에 남자들은 그녀를 다 좋아해요 = She’s like a goddess, so all the boys like her
저 여학생은 우리대학교에서 가장 유명한 여신이야
= That (female) student is the most popular girl (“goddess”) at our university
이 연예인은 한때 모든 남자들이 여신이라고 생각한 연예인이에요
= At one time, this celebrity was a celebrity that all men thought was a goddess
nickname
별명
Common Usages:
별명을 짓다 = to nickname (to make/give somebody a nickname)
Examples:
PLAY별명 때문에 너의 진짜 이름을 깜빡했어 = I forgot your real name because of your nickname
저는 초등학교 때 많은 별명이 있었어요 = In elementary school, I had a lot of nicknames
슬기는 사람들에게 어울리는 별명을 잘 지어줘요 = Seulgi gives people nicknames that suit them well
enterprise
기업
Common Usages:
대기업 = big company (like Samsung, LG, Kia, etc…)
중소기업 = small and medium enterprises
기업문화 = “company culture” – the idea of always working late and going to staff dinners in Korea
기업에 입사하다 = to join a company
Examples:
PLAY제가 처음부터 그 기업에 투자하지 않았기 때문에 돈을 많이 못 벌어요
= I don’t earn that much money because I didn’t invest in that company from the beginning
많은 사람들이 대기업에 입사하기 위해 열심히 준비해요
= Many people prepare a lot (hard) to enter/get hired by a big company
전세계에는 무수한 수의 기업이 있지만 사람들이 가고 싶은 기업은 한정되어 있어요
= There are countless companies in the world, but there are a limited number of companies that people want to go into
reality
현실
Common Usages: 현실 세계 = real world 현실적이다 = realistic 현실을 부정하다 = to deny reality 현실을 부인하다 = to deny reality 현실을 외면하다 = to turn one’s head from reality (to put one’s head in the sand) 현실을 직시하다 = to face the reality
Examples:
우울증에 걸린 사람들은 보통 현실을 부인해요 = People who have depression often deny reality
현실을 직시하고 앞으로 나아가는 것은 중요해요
= It is important to face reality and to keep moving forward
PLAY엄마가 현실을 그냥 부정할 것 같기 때문에 말을 안 할 거예요
= I’m not going to say anything (to mom) because she’s probably just going to deny the reality
posture
폼
Notes: When exercising, you can talk about one’s “form” or “posture” using 폼 or 자세.
Common Usages:
폼을 잡다 = to pose
폼이 나다 = to look cool, to look nice
Examples:
폼이 좋네! = Your form is good!
십대 남자아이들은 여자아이들 앞에서 멋진 폼을 잡는 것을 좋아해요
= Teenage boys like to make cool poses in-front of girls
선글라스를 쓰면 멋있어 보이고 폼이 나기 때문에 저는 자주 선글라스를 써요
= When I wear sunglasses, I look cool so I wear them often
praying to ancestors on a holiday
제사
Notes: 제사 is a tradition in Korea where family members gather and pay respect to ancestors who passed away (usually one’s father or grandfather). Families usually gather and prepare a bunch of food and it is typically performed on the anniversary of the ancestor’s death and the two major Korean holidays추석 and 설날.
Common Usages:
제사상 = the table that the prepared food is placed on during 제사
제사를 지내다 = to do 제사 (지내다 is the verb that is used with 제사)
제사상을 준비하다 = to prepare the table for 제사
Examples:
한국에서는 매년 2번씩 제사를 지내요 = In Korea, 제사 is observed twice every year
PLAY우리는 제사 때문에 할아버지 집에 갔어요 = We went to our grandfather’s house because of 제사
추석에 제사상을 준비하기 위해 친척들이 모두 아침 일찍 큰집으로 모여요 = During Chuseok, in order to prepare the table for 제사, family members (relatives) all meet at the “big house” (the house of the oldest son) early in the morning
to drop
떨어뜨리다
Notes: Words ending in ~아/어지다 are often passive words that have an active ~아/어뜨리다 equivalent. (Note that this is not the grammatical principle ~아/어지다 that gets added to adjectives). For more words like this, you can see Lesson 105.
Words ending in ~아/어지다, just like any passive verb cannot act on an object. Rather, it describes that something occurs – usually without indicating who/what caused the action to occur. For example:
병이 탁자에서 떨어졌다 = The bottle fell from the table
However, words ending in ~아/어뜨리다 have a subject (which is usually a human, but not always) that cause something to happen to an object/person. For example:
나는 병을 떨어뜨렸다 = I dropped the bottle
Examples:
깜짝 놀라서 들고 있던 접시를 거의 떨어뜨릴 뻔 했어요
= I was very surprised, so I almost dropped the plate that I was holding
저는 어제 핸드폰을 떨어뜨려서 이제 통화가 안돼요
= I dropped my phone yesterday so I can’t talk on the phone now (because it is broken)
유리병을 떨어뜨려서 바닥에 유리조각이 많으므로 걸을 때 조심하세요
= Be careful when you are walking, as I dropped a bottle, so there are lots of glass pieces on the ground
