0
Q
Hostile or violent behavior or attitude toward another; readiness attack or to confront
A
Aggression
1
Q
Liquid that reduces neural activity
A
Alcohol
2
Q
Any mental disorder in which a major disturbance of feelings or emotions is predominant
A
Affective disorders
3
Q
The minimum intensity of a stimulus at which it can be detected
A
Absolute threshold
4
Q
The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child to an adult
A
Adolescence
5
Q
The change in electrical potential that occurs between the inside and outside of a nerve or muscle fiber when it is stimulated, serving to transmit nerve signals
A
Action potential
6
Q
A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem solving operation
A
Algorithm
7
Q
A partial or total loss of memory
A
Amnesia
8
Q
The second social and sexual stage of an infants development in which the infant learns to control bowel movement
A
Anal stage
9
Q
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something within uncertain outcome
A
Anxiety
10
Q
Intelligence exhibited by machines or software
A
Artificial intelligence
11
Q
The condition of being attached to something or someone in particular affection, fondness or sympathy for someone or something
A
Attachment
12
Q
Notice taken of someone or something; the regarding of someone or something as interesting or importantly
A
Attention
13
Q
A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior
A
Attitudes
14
Q
Regulate the functions of our internal organs such as the heart, stomach and intestines
A
Autonomic nervous system
15
Q
Process by which an individual learns a behavior or response to avoid a stressful or unpleasant situation
A
Avoidance learning
16
Q
The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other sales
A
Axon
17
Q
The way in which one acts or conduct oneself, especially toward others
A
Behavior
18
Q
The alteration of behavioral patterns through the use of such learning techniques as biofeedback and positive or negative reinforcement
A
Behavior modification
19
Q
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns
A
Behaviorism
20
Q
Depth cues that requires both of our eyes
A
Binocular depth cues
21
Q
The use of electronic monitoring of a normally automatic bodily function in order to train someone to acquire voluntary control of that function
A
Biofeedback
22
Q
organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate
A
Brain
23
Q
The study of individual unit, as a person, family, or social book, usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationship with environment, especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit
A
Case study
24
Part of the nervous system compromising the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
25
Part of the brain at the back of the skull in invertebrates. Function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity
Cerebellum
26
The furrowed outer layer of gray matter in the cerebrum of the brain, associated with the higher brain functions, as voluntary movement, coordination of sensory information, learning and memory, and the expression of individuality
Cerebral cortex
27
Either of the rounded halves of the cerebrum of the brain, divided laterally by a deep fissure and connected at the bottom by the corpus callosum
Cerebral hemisphere
28
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Chromosomes
29
A kind of learning that occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Classical conditioning
30
A nondirective form of talk therapy
Client centered therapy
31
A bony, spiral shapes, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves travel and trigger nerve impulses
Cochlea
32
The process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adult
Cognitive development
33
Anxiety that results from simultaneously holding contradictory or otherwise incompatible attitudes, beliefs, or the like, as when one like a person but disapproves strongly of one of his or her habits
Cognitive dissonance
34
A major turning point in the child's cognitive development which marks the beginning of logical or operational thought
Concrete operation
35
A response that becomes associated with a previously unrelated stimulus as a result of pairing the stimulus with another stimulus normally yielding the response
Conditioned response
36
A stimulus to which an organism has learned to make a response by classical conditioning
Conditioned stimulus
37
A behavioral process whereby a response becomes more frequent or more predictable in a given environment as a result of reinforcement
Conditioning
38
And condition in which a person experiences a class of opposing wishes or needs
Conflict
39
Behavior in accordance with socially excepted conventions or standards
Conformity
40
The state of being awake and aware of one surrounded
Consciousness
41
Any group used as a control in this statistical experiment, especially a group of patients who received either a placebo or a standard drug during an investigation of the effects of another drug on other patients
Control group
42
A great band of deeply situated transverse white fibers uniting the two halves of the cerebrum in humans and other mammals
corpus callosum
43
One of a number of measures of correlation, usually assuming volume from one to negative one
Correlation coefficient
44
A statistical method, most often used in clinical and other applied areas of psychology, to study the relationship which exists between one characteristic and another in an individual
Correlation method
45
A research method often used in developmental psychology but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education
Cross-sectional research
46
A research method that combines both a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design
Cross sequential research
47
An unconscious process, as denial, that protects an individual from unacceptable or painful ideas or impulses
Defense mechanism
48
And impression that is finally maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument, typically a symptom of mental disorder
Delusion
49
A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
Dendrite
50
The event studied and expected to change when the independent variable is change
Dependent variable
51
Severe despondency and dejection, typically felt over a period of Time and accompanied by feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy
Depression
52
The visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and the distance of an object
Depth perception
53
Theories that divide child development into distinct stages which Are characterized by qualitative differences and behavior
Developmental stage theories
54
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things especially on the grounds of race age or sex
Discrimination
55
An auditory or visual cue to determine the distance to an object
Distance cue
56
A series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a persons mind during sleep
Dreams
57
A medicine or other substance which have a physiological effect when Ingested or otherwise introduced into the body
Drugs
58
the “I” or self of any person; a person as thinking, feeling, and willing, and distinguishing itself from the selves of others and from objects of its thought.
Ego
59
The recording of electrical activity along the scalp
Electroencephalography
60
Any of the feelings of Joy, sorrow, fear, hate, love, etc
Emotions
61
The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experience
Empiricism
62
A group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study
Experimental group
63
The state of process of the species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct
Extinction
64
Organs of vision
Eye
65
an in pleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat
Fear
66
Apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in the individuals long-term memory
Forgetting
67
People develop the ability to think about abstract concepts
Formal operations
68
The expression of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes
Free association
69
People's tendency to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior in a given situation, rather than considering external factors
Fundamental attribution error
70
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Genes
71
The final stage of human psychosexual development
Genital stage
72
Similarity, proximity, continuity, closure
Gestalt principles of perception
73
A period of mind and brain that states that the brain is holistic parallel and analog, with self organizing tendencies
Gestalt psychologist
74
And experience involving the parent perception of something not present
Hallucination
75
The ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes and pressure of the surrounding medium through time, doing organ such as the ear
Hearing
76
Of a characteristic or disease determined by genetic factors and therefore able to be passed on from parents to the offspring or descendants
Hereditary
77
Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves
Heuristic
78
A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person
Humanistic psychology
79
A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat
Hunger
80
The induction of the state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction
Hypnosis
81
A region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity
Hypothalamus
82
Testing meant to reach a hypnotic state that allows people to explore painful thoughts, feelings, and memories they might have hidden from their conscious minds
Hypnosis testing
83
The part of the human personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seeks out immediate gratification regardless of social values or consequences
ID
84
A process by which one ascribes to oneself the qualities or characteristics of another person
Identification
85
A process in which birds or mammals form attachments during a critical period very early in their lives
Imprinting
86
Manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable
Independent variable
87
An approach that characterizes thinking as the environment providing input of data, which is then transformed by our senses
Information processing approach
88
The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills
Intelligence
89
A measure of the intelligence of the individual derived from results obtained from specially designed test. The question is traditionally derived by dividing and individuals mental is by his chronological age and multiplying by 100 (iq)
Intelligence quotient
90
A theory that emotions are caused by bodily sensations
James Lange theory
91
The minimum difference between two stimuli that is just detectable by a person
Just noticeable difference
92
The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way
Language
93
The principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences;
Law of effect
94
A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed
Learned helplessness
95
The acquisition of knowledge or skills to experience, study, or by being taught
Learning
96
A complex set of brain structures that lives on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum
Limbic system
97
A correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time
Longitudinal research
98
The final stage of the dual memory model in which data can be stored for long periods of time
Long-term memory
99
An intense feeling of deep affection
Love
100
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
Memory
101
A mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life, and which is not developmentally or socially normative
Mental illness
102
Used to assess and diagnose mental illness -- Minnesota mulitphasic personality inventory
M.M.P.I
103
A device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations they assists in remembering something
Mnemonic
104
Learning by imitating or observing a persons's behavior
Modeling
105
The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way
Motivation
106
A psychiatric diagnosis that describes a condition in which a person displays multiple distinct identities or personalities, each with it's own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment
Multiple personality
107
A traditional and long-standing disagreement over whether heredity or environment is more important in the development of living things, especially in humans
Nature nurture controversy
108
Requiring something because it is essential or very important
Needs
109
A response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus
Negative reinforcement
110
Coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of the body
Nervous system
111
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses
Neuron
112
A relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress but not a radical loss in touch with reality
Neurosis
113
A chemical substance that is released at the end of another fiber by the arrival of the nerve impulse
Neurotransmitter
114
Average, socially-acceptable traits and behaviors
Normal disruption
115
Compliance with an order, request, or law or submission to another's authority
Obedience
116
The childhood desire to sleep with the mother and kill the father
Oedipus complex
117
A type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its antecedents and consequences
Operant conditioning
118
The earliest phase in a child's psychosexual development, during which time the mouth and lips take on an erotic charge
Oral stage
119
Physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury
Pain
120
Part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity and relax the sphincter muscles
Parasympathetic nervous system
121
The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character
Personality
122
Group of mental health conditions in which a person has a long term of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that is very different from his or her cultures expectations
Personality disorder
123
The third stage in a child's development when awareness of manipulation of the genitalia is supposed to be a primary source of pleasure
Phallic stage
124
An extreme or irrational fear or aversion to something
Phobia
125
A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient then for any physiological effect
Placebo
126
The offering of desirable effects or consequences for behavior but the intention of increasing the chance of that behavior becoming repeated in the future
Positive reinforcement
127
Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Prejudice
128
A period between ages two and six done with a child learns to use language
Preoperational stage
129
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues
Problem-solving
130
An estimate or forecast of a future situation or trend based on a study of present ones
Projection
131
A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflict into the conscious mind by techniques such as a dream interpretation and free association
Psychoanalysis
132
The scientific study of the human mind and inspections, especially those affecting behavior in a given context
Psychology
133
A severe mental disorder in which thoughts and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality
Psychosis
134
The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical mean
Psychotherapy
135
The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction
Puberty
136
The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense
Punishment
137
Rapidly shifting, continuous movement of the eyes beneath closed lids during the stage of sleep characterized by dreaming
Rapid eye movement
138
Attempt to explain or justify with logical, plausible reasons, even if these are not true or appropriate
Rationalization
139
The tendency of a repressed wish or feeling to be expressed at a conscious level in a contrasting form
Reaction formation
140
To bring a fact, event, or situation back into one's mind especially so as to recount it to others or remember
Recall
141
The action or process of recognizing or be recognized in particular identification of the theater person from previous encounters or knowledge
Recognition
142
A defensive reaction to some unexcepted impulses
Regression
143
A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance
Rehearsal
144
A consequence that will strengthen in organisms future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by specific antecedent stimulus
Reinforcement
145
The act of excluding desires and impulses from one's consciousness
Repression
146
A layer at the back of the eyeball
Retina
147
Receptors in the eye which detect movement and are used for vision at night
Rod
148
A personality test consisting of the number of unstructured inkblots presented for interpretation
Rorschach test
149
subset of a population that is used to represent the entire group as a whole.
Sample
150
Precise rules that are used to present or to remove reinforcers or publishers following a specified operant behavior
Schedules of reinforcement
151
A long term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality into fantasy and delusion
Schizophrenia
152
the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone
Self actualization
153
The memory of meanings, understandings, and other concept based knowledge, and underlies the conscious recollection of factual information in general knowledge about the world
Semantic memory
154
The first of four stages Piaget uses to define cognitive development
Sensori-motor stage
155
The finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an items position within a study list
Serial position function
156
The reinforcement of successive approximations to train a type of behavior
Shaping
157
Retention of information that undergoes little processing or interpretation and can be recalled for only a few seconds
Short term memory
158
The probability of incorrectly rejecting the no hypothesis when such a hypothesis is test
Significance level
159
A difference in two models are different being compared to each other
Significant difference
160
A condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended
Sleep
161
This sense in which odors are perceived
Smell
162
The branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including the origins and their effects on the individual
Social psychology
163
The lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies, providing individuals with the skills and have a necessary for participating within his or her own society
Socialization
164
The re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay
Spontaneous recovery
165
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image idea of a particular type of person or thing
Stereotyping
166
A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances
Stress
167
The part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers
Superego
168
Part of the nervous system that serves to accelerate the heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and raise blood pressure
Sympathetic nervous system
169
A junction between two nerve cells consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
Synapse
170
A treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques
Systematic desensitization
171
The sensation of flavor proceed in the mouth and throat on contact with a substance
Taste
172
Either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception
Thalamus
173
A projective test designed to reveal a person's social drives or needs by their interpretation of a series of pictures of emotionally ambiguous situation
Thematic apperception test
174
A system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior
Token economy
175
A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person
Traits
176
The redirection to a substitute, usually a therapist, of emotions that were originally felt in childhood
Transference
177
An automatic reaction to something
Unconditioned response
178
Produces an automatic, natural reaction
Unconditioned stimulus
179
A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories outside of out conscious awareness
Unconscious
180
The faculty or state being able to see
Vision
AP Pyschology
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