W1 - Endometrial Cancer Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is carcinoma in endometrium
any cancer that arises from epithelial cells - endometrial cells
what is sarcoma in endometrium
malignant tumour arising from connective tissue e.g. bone/ muscle - myometrial and stomal cells
what are the common subtypes of uterus
Endometriod
Papillary serous carcinomas- 10%
Clear cell- 5%
Adenosquamous- rare
Mucinous- rare
Undifferentiated- rare
Metastases
what is the most common subtype of endometrial cancer
Endometrioid- 70%
what are some risk factors for endometrial cancer
obesity
diabetes
hypertension
nulliparity
polycystic ovary syndrome
infertility
early menarche and late menopause
tamoxifen
pelvic radiation therapy (sarcomas)
breast cancer
ovarian cancer
heavy daily alcohol consumption
how does endometriosis present
often asymptomatic
Post menopausal bleeding
Perimenopausal bleeding
Vaginal discharge
Bulky uterus
what is the mean age of onset of endometrial cancer
60-70yr
what are some risks of a hysteroscopy
day-case
Bleeding
Infection
Uterine perforation
Anaesthetic risks
when do you remove endometrial polyps
Symptomatic women
risk factors for endometrial
Polyp>2cm (pre-menopausal
Polyp >1cm (post-menopausal)
what is endometrial hyperplasia
Proliferation of endometrial glands leading to an greater gland to stroma ratio than in normal endometrium
what are the 3 subtypes of endometrial hyperplasia
Simple
Complex
Atypical
what are some signs and symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia
PMB, IMB, menorrhagia
what is the treatment for simple endometrial hyperplasia
Treat if symptomatic or risk factors for progression e.g. obesity, PCOSOral progestogens or Mirena IUS
what is the treatment for complex endometrial hyperplasia
Oral progestogens or Mirena IUS
what is the treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Hysterectomy and BSO
what are the staging of FIGo
stage 1, 2, 3, 4
Stage I: Confined to the uterus
Stage II: Involving cervix
Stage III: Vagina, lymph node and pelvic extension
Stage IV: Distant metastases
what stage is this
stage 1
Confined to the uterus
what stage is this
stage 2
Tumour involving cervix
what stage is this
Stage 3
Vagina, lymph node or pelvic extension
what are some benefits of laparoscopic surgery vs conventional
Reduced in-patient stay
Quicker recovery
Reduced post-operative pain
Reduced support after discharge
Reduced risk of VTE
Reduced risk of infections
Reduced blood loss
what are some limitations of TLH vs TAH
Marginally longer operating time
Requires expertise in laparoscopic surgery
Expensive equipment
2x increase in risk of bladder or ureteric damage with TLH
TLH not always feasible
what is the 5 year prognosis of endometrial cancer for stage 1, 2, 3, 4,
