W8 - Nutrition and Pregnancy Flashcards
(20 cards)
what could cause reduced fertility
o Eating disorders
o excess athletic training
o low food supply
o famine
o Obesity
older aged women
what is transfered to the baby by simple diffusion
Fatty acids
Alcohol
Caffeine
Ketone bodies
Cu, Se
n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids
what is transported by facilitated diffusion
Glucose –GLUT1 transporter
Vitamin C
what is transfered by active transport
Amino acids
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Vitamin A (retinol)
retinol binding protein (RBP) Vitamin D
Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe
what dose of folic acid should a woman take who has no relevant previous history
400 μg per day until week 12
what dose of folic acid should a woman with epilepsy take
1.5 mg/d
what advise should you give about consuming fish
no more than twice a week
high heavy metals/pollutants
avoid predatory fish - tuna
should a pregnant woman take iron supplements
no
not unless they are anaemic
what increase in calories should a woman have in pregnancy
250-300kcal/day
2250-2300 calories a day
what does obesity increase the risk of in pregnancy
o hypertension
o venous thrombo-embolism
o gestational diabetes
o large-for-gestational-age
o prolonged labour
o requirement for pain relief
what would happen to baby in vitamin D deficiency
baby
low birth weight
low/weaker bones
hypocalcaemia
osteomalacia
what is the calcium requirements in women
o 18 y: 700 mg/d –same as non-pregnant
o <18y: 800mg/day
how much calcium is required for mother during lactation
1250mg/day
what should be avoided in pregnancy
vitamin A
Alcohol
Caffeine
mercury
who is vulnerable for nutritional deficiency
- Adolescents
- Ethnic minority groups
- Vegetarians and vegans
- Low social economic groups
- Obese women
- Smokers
what are vegetarians and vegans most at risk of in terms of nutritional deficiency
vitamin D
Vitamin B12
fatty acids
iron
zinc
how many cups of coffee make up 200mg
2 cups
100mg each
how much caffeine in decaf coffee and tea
2-5mg of caffeine
what are the key bacteria and pathogens which can harm baby
toxoplasmosis
salmonella
listeriosis
cats, goats and sheep poo
what does WHO recommend for how long a mother should breast feed
exclusive breast feeding for first 6months
