W10 - Diabetes Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define diabetes
Metabolic disorder
It is the absence, deficit or resistance to insulin leading to hyperglycaemia
What are the 2 types of diabetes
Type 1 & type 2
Explain what type 1 diabetes is
Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (linked with viral infection & autoimmune disease)
Due to beta cells destruction by body’s immune system due to autoimmune process (can be viral)
Explain what type 2 diabetes is
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (linked with obesity, age & ethnicity)
Multifactorial causes (genetic & environmental) that affect beta cell function & tissue sensitivity to insulin
Risk factors of type 1 diabetes
Family history, viral infection
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes
Obesity, hypertension, poor lifestyle & diet
What are the cells of the pancreas called
Islet of langerhans
Name the 3 hormone secreting cells of the islet of langerhans
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
What are alpha cells
Maintain blood glucose between meals
Secreate glucogon = utilises glycogen from the liver
What are beta cells
Secreate insulin which promotes the uptake & utilisation of glucose in the blood stream
What are delta cells
Secreate stomatostatin and gastric to regulate the alpha & beta cells
Suppress insulin & glucogon being released
What role does the alpha, beta & delta cells have on the pancreas
Endocrine role
What cells are involved in the exocrine role of the pancreas
Acinar cells
What are the acinar cells
They Secreate digestive enzymes due to being being in close proximity of the stomach they secrete into the duodenum
Where are F cells located
On the periphery
Explain how people without diabetes produce insulin
Carbohydrates broken down into glucose & enter the blood stream
Pancreas detects the increase in glucose level in the blood and releases insulin into the blood
The glucose & insulin then enter the muscle cells
Explain how insulin is produced when someone has type 1 diabetes
Carbohydrates broken down into glucose & enter the blood stream Pancreas
This increase in blood glucose levels causes hyperglycemia (sweating & lightheaded)
The pancreas has no Beta cells so cannot detect this change in blood glucose levels
No insulin in released so patients have to self administer insulin
Glucose cannot impenetrable the muscle cells
Explain how someone with type 2 diabetes produced insulin
Carbohydrates droken down into glucose & enter the blood stream Pancreas
Increased blood glucose level
Pancreas has some spfunctioning beta cells but not enough to release enough insulin
No insulin is released from the pancreas
Glucose cannot enter the muscle cells
Explain how someone with type 2 diabetes & high body fat produces insulin
Carbohydrates droken down into glucose & enter blood stream Pancreas detects
Increase in blood glucose
Pancreases has sufficient number of Beta cells in o detect this change & release insulin
Too much body fact blocking the insulin receptors on the cells so glucose can’t enter the muscle cells
How to manage diabetes
Type 1 = insulin injection s
Type 2 = lifestyle changes (HIITS & starvation diets) & insulin tablets
Physio involvement in diabetic patients
Secondary complications
Awareness of complications
Education of lifestyle changes
Higher musculoskeletal pain
Falls
