[W11] Autoimmunity Flashcards
(18 cards)
What causes autoimmunity?
Breakdown of self-tolerance, often due to genetics, environment, or hormones.
What are organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases?
Organ-specific target a single tissue (e.g. thyroid), systemic affect multiple (e.g. SLE).
What are ANAs?
Antinuclear antibodies that bind to nuclear contents; detected in autoimmune diseases.
What is the substrate for ANA testing?
HEp-2 or HEp-2000 cells (human origin).
What is the preferred antibody isotype detected in ANA testing?
IgG (most clinically relevant).
What ANA pattern is associated with SLE?
Homogeneous or speckled.
What ANA pattern indicates CREST syndrome?
Centromere pattern.
What ANA pattern is found in systemic sclerosis and polymyositis?
Nucleolar pattern.
What pattern is only seen on HEp-2000 cells?
SS-A/Ro pattern – SLE, Sjogren’s, Neonatal lupus.
What cytoplasmic ANA pattern is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis?
Mitochondrial antibodies.
What cytoplasmic ANA marker is linked to psychosis in SLE?
Ribosomal antibodies.
What test confirms a homogeneous ANA pattern?
Anti-dsDNA – highly specific for SLE.
What antibodies confirm Sjogren’s syndrome?
Anti-Ro (SS-A) and Anti-La (SS-B).
What does JO-1 antibody indicate?
Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis.
What are key symptoms of SLE?
Butterfly rash, arthritis, photosensitivity, Raynaud’s, renal and CNS involvement.
What is CREST syndrome?
Limited systemic sclerosis – Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal issues, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia.
What are sicca symptoms in Sjogren’s?
Dry eyes and dry mouth.
What is the main antibody in Scleroderma?
Scl-70 (for systemic), centromere (for limited/CREST).
