[W7] Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two main types of thrombosis?
Arterial and venous.
What are the three components of Virchow’s triad?
Stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability.
What causes arterial thrombosis?
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and platelet activation.
What is the main cause of MI and ischaemic stroke?
Arterial thrombosis.
What protein marker rises in MI?
Troponin.
What does FAST stand for (stroke)?
Face, Arms, Speech, Time.
What is DVT?
Clot in a deep leg vein.
What symptoms/signs suggest DVT?
Leg pain, swelling, redness, warmth.
What is the risk if DVT embolises?
Pulmonary embolism (PE).
What lab test supports DVT diagnosis?
Elevated D-dimer.
What drugs prevent arterial thrombosis?
Anti-platelet drugs (e.g., aspirin).
What drugs treat venous thrombosis?
Anti-coagulants (e.g., heparin, warfarin, apixaban).
What drugs dissolve clots?
Fibrinolytic drugs (e.g., tPA, streptokinase).
What is the most common inherited thrombophilia?
Factor V Leiden.
What does Protein C do?
Inactivates Factors V and VIII (with Protein S).
What is May-Thurner syndrome?
Left iliac vein compression → left leg DVT.
What is antiphospholipid syndrome?
Autoantibodies to phospholipids → arterial & venous thrombosis, pregnancy loss.
What haematological disorder causes both bleeding and clotting?
Essential thrombocytosis.
What happens in PNH?
RBC lysis, haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis, marrow failure.
Why does oestrogen therapy increase thrombosis risk?
Increases clotting factors, reduces inhibitors like protein S.
What is a likely risk factor for a young woman on OCP with DVT?
Oestrogen-induced hypercoagulability
OCP refers to oral contraceptive pills, which can increase the risk of thrombosis due to estrogen.
What is the next step for a man with previous DVT and no identifiable cause?
Thrombophilia screen (e.g., Factor V Leiden)
A thrombophilia screen is conducted to identify inherited or acquired conditions that increase the risk of thrombosis.
What triad applies to leg swelling post-surgery?
Virchow’s triad: stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability
Virchow’s triad describes the three primary factors that contribute to thrombosis.
