W4D2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who said “Man has an instinctive tendency
to speak, as we see in the babble
of our young children, while no
child has an instinctive tendency
to bake, brew, or write?”
Darwin
By what age do children master the basic structure of their native language?
5
What are phonemes?
A basic unit of sound.
English uses _______ of 200 sounds found in all languages.
45
What’s the McGurk effect?
The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. Bar or far?
What is perceptual narrowing?
Our experiences shape our perceptual abilities. We become less sensitive to stimuli that are not commonly experienced.
In what domains does perceptual narrowing occur?
Face, rhythm, and speech perception.
What’s the logic of the conditioned head-turn method?
A sound is played over and over, then the sound is changed, followed immediately by the presentation of the moving toy.
What are the changes in infants phoneme perception, as discovered in the toy study?
6-month-olds from English -speaking families tell apart phonemes present in Hindi and Nthlakapmx that are not present in English.
10-to 12-month-olds do not.
What are some traits of 6 to 8 week old babies, as it pertains to cooing?
They produce drawn out vowel sounds.
Increasing awareness that vocalizations elicit responses from others.
“Dialogues” of reciprocal sounds
When do babies start babbling?
3-10 mos. old
What’s prosody? Can infants perceive prosody?
The characteristic rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody, intonational patterns of language. Yes. They can use the way a phrase is said to figure out meaning.
Do infants prefer infant-directed speech?
Yes.
Singing performance quality (expressiveness) depends on the infant actually being __________
Present
Are songs an effective mood regulator for infants?
Yes.
What is syntax?
Rules for combining words.
What are the characteristics of a 2 year old’s syntax?
Use Two word phrases that lack nonessential elements, like give juice or more music.
What were the results of the Big Bird syntax test?
Infants reliably look at the picture that matches the spoken phrase.
How do we know infants understand syntax rules, rather just copying what they here?
The wug test, where they knew to make wugs plural if there were two.
Overregulation errors in infants prove what?
They understand syntax rules.
What are overregularization errors?
Treating irregular words as regular.
What’s an example of how timing matters when it comes to learning languages?
Genie and second language learners.
When does language acquisition become difficult?
Between 5 & puberty.
What were the IVs and DVs of the second language learners study?
IV: Age at arrival in US
DP: Grammar test
