W8 - Micronutrients - Vitamins

Question 1

What type of organic molecules are vitamins?

Answer 1

Essential organic

Question 2

Can vitamins be made in the body?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

How many vitamins have been ID?

Answer 3

13

Question 4

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 4

B1 to B12 + C

Question 5

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

A,D,E + K

Question 6

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in the eyes

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in the teeth

Answer 7

A, D, C

Question 8

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood clotting

Answer 8

K

Question 9

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in cell membranes

Answer 9

E

Question 10

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood formation

Answer 10

B6

B12

Folate

Question 11

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood cells

Answer 11

E

Question 12

What are the antioxidant vitamins?

Answer 12

A, C + E

Question 13

Why are antioxidant vitamins important?

Answer 13

Because:

Free radicals are released during exercise.

Free radicals = highly reactive + may precipitate fatigue + result in tissue damage.

Antioxidant vitamins can stop these from accumulating = preventing oxidative damage.

Question 14

What can antioxidant vitamins also offer protection against?

Answer 14

Heart disease

Cancer

Question 15

What are water soluble vitamins destroyed by?

Answer 15

High temps

Bright light

Question 16

Which water soluble vitamins are needed for energy release?

Answer 16

B1,2,3,5,6,7

REMEMBER = they don’t provide energy

Question 17

Which water soluble vitamins are important for RBC production?

Answer 17

B5,6,9,12

Question 18

Which pathway do B vitamins help?

Answer 18

Glycolytic pathway ONLY

Question 19

What may the result of vitamin B deficiency be?

Answer 19

Beriberi

Which could result in muscle weakness, anorexia + ⬆️ HR

Question 20

To what kind of ind can a deficiency in B1 happen to?

Answer 20

Those who eat a lot of processed food

Alcoholics

Question 21

In what food can B1 be found?

Answer 21

Whole grains

Question 22

What can a deficiency in B2 result in?

Answer 22

Ariboflavinosis (sores in mouth)

Question 23

What is vitamin C also known as?

Answer 23

Ascorbic acid

Question 24

What is required to help with iron absorption?

Answer 24

Vitamin C

Question 25

How much vitamin C do we need a day?

Answer 25

10-1000 mg / day

Question 26

What can be the result of too much Vitamin C?

Answer 26

GI distress Kidney oxalate stone formation

Question 27

What can be the result of too little vitamin C?

Answer 27

Scurvy Poor health

Question 28

What are the 4 symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 28

Stage1 = Fatigue Stage 2 = Bleeding in the gums Stage 3 = anaemia Stage 4 = High fever

Question 29

What can scurvy lead to?

Answer 29

Death Due to haemorrhaging in the heart + brain

Question 30

What can vitamin C do in regards to free radicals?

Answer 30

Can quench them

Question 31

Where can vitamin A be obtained from?

Answer 31

Plant (b-carotene) Animal sources (retinol)

Question 32

What is vitamin A stored as?

Answer 32

Retinyl esters

Question 33

What is vitamin A carried alongside fat in when from your gut?

Answer 33

Alongside fat in chylomicrons

Question 34

How is vitamin A stored in the body?

Answer 34

Retinal esters in liver until needed somewhere else in the body

Question 35

What can a deficiency in vitamin A result in?

Answer 35

Loss of vision Skin issues

Question 36

What would acute overdose of Vitamin a lead to?

Answer 36

Nausea Vomiting Potentially blurred vision

Question 37

What would a chronic overdose of vitamin a lead to?

Answer 37

Issues w/ liver, muscles, joints and bones Hair loss In postmenopausal women - can ⬆️ fracture risk

Question 38

What is the active form of vitamin D?

Answer 38

Calciferol

Question 39

Where is vitamin D activated?

Answer 39

Liver + kidneys

Question 40

Where in your body is vitamin D important for?

Answer 40

Bones Kidneys Intestine

Question 41

What is vitamin D good for in our bodys?

Answer 41

Regulating calcium balance Urinary excretion Intestinal absorption

Question 42

What can a deficiency in vitamin D result in?

Answer 42

Rickets Osteomalacia Osteoporosis

Question 43

What can a toxicity in vitamin D result in?

Answer 43

Hypercalcaemia / Hypercalcuria Bone demineralisation

Question 44

Functions of vitamin E

Answer 44

Most potent vitamin antioxidant Selenium metabolism

Question 45

Food sources for vitamin E

Answer 45

Nuts Wheat gern Veg oils Margarine

Question 46

What can high doses of vitamin E interfere with?

Answer 46

Absorption of vitamins A + K

Question 47

What is vitamin K synthesised by?

Answer 47

Gut bacteria

Question 48

What can be the result of vitamin K deficiency

Answer 48

Bloody vomit Bleeding into joint capsules Bruising or bleeding gums

Question 49

What can toxicity of vitamin K result in?

Answer 49

Jaundice Anaemia Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 50

What is vitamin D made out of?

Answer 50

Cholesterol

Question 51

Which vitamin is found in high conc in the liver?

Answer 51

A

Question 52

What vitamins do most athletes have above RDA?

Answer 52

Riboflavin Pyridoxine C

Question 53

Which category of vitamins can you overdose on?

Answer 53

Fat soluble

Question 54

What is the increased need of energy releasing B vitamins during exercise due to?

Answer 54

⬆️ metabolism Biochemical adaptations Tissue + mitochondrial damage Enzyme + energy prod