Week 1 Flashcards
(57 cards)
What is crystallized intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence refers to skills, ability, and knowledge that is overlearned, well-practiced, and familiar.
Examples of crystalized intelligence
riding a bike, or vocabulary
How do older people perform on crystalized ability tests?
They improve by .02 to 0.03 standard deviations in their 60s and 70ds, meaning older adults do better surrounding tasks such as these.
What is fluid intelligence?
Refers to abilities involving problem-solving and reasoning about things that are less familiar and are independent of what one has learned.
What are fluid cognitive brain domains/functions?
executive function, processing speed, memory
Processing speed refers to cognitive abilities that are performed as well as
the speed of motor responses
When does processing speed begin to decline
begins to decline in the 30s
Attention refers to
To the ability to concentrate and focus on specific stimuli.
Simple auditory attention span (immediate memory) as measured by repetition of a string of digits shows what effect in later life?
decline
What is selective attention?
Selective attention is the ability to focus on specific information in the environment while ignoring irrelevant information.
What is divided attention?
Divided attention is the ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously, such as talking on the phone while preparing a meal.
How do older adults perform in selective, divided and working attention compared to younger people?
They perform worse
Age-related memory changes may be related to what three changes?
may be related to slow processing speed, reduced ability to ignore irrelevant information, and decreased use of strategies to improve learning and memory
Declarative memory is
conscious recollection of facts and events
Semantic memory is
involves fund of information, language usage, and practical knowledge, for example, knowing the meaning of words
Episodic memory/autobiographical memory refers to
Memory for personally experienced events that occur at a specific place and time.
What are the changes in episodic memory and semantic memory over time.
Episodic memory shows lifelong declines, while semantic memory shows late-life decline
Implicit/nondeclarative memory is what?
Memory of information that is recalled events and information without conscious effort to remember them
procedural memory
a type of nondeclarative memory and involves memory for motor and cognitive skills. ex. tying shoes
Language is a complex cognitive domain composed of what two types of intelligence?
crystallized and fluid intelligence
What happens to language ability as someone ages
stays relatively intact and vocabulary can improve over time
What is the term for a group of cognitive functions involving the ability to understand space in two and 3 dimensions?
visuospatial abilities
Whats an example of visuospatial construction? What happens to it as we age?
Assembling funiture and it declines over time
What generally happens to visuospatial abilities?
declines over time
