week 7

Question 1

Cognition refers to

Answer 1

mental processes used to navigate through life

Question 2

Which cognitive abilities remain stable over time

Answer 2

vocabularly

Question 3

which cognitive processes are not stable over time (3)

Answer 3

memory, processing speed, and reasoning

Question 4

define cognitive decline

Answer 4

Refers to any loss of or decrease in the ability to demonstrate or use cognitive skills

Question 5

Individuals suffering from mild cognitive impairment have what symptoms (3)

Answer 5

memory problems, forgetfulness, language difficulties

Question 6

What’s the difference between MC and Cognitive decline

Answer 6

mc is not severe enough to impede functioning in their daily life

Question 7

cognitive decline refers to

Answer 7

pathological declines ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia

Question 8

what percent of people with MCI develop dementia

Answer 8

10-15%

Question 9

MCI involves low performance in blank or blank cognitive domains

Answer 9

MCI involves low performance in one or more cognitive demands

Question 10

Clinically, MCI symptoms fall between the criteria for

Answer 10

normal functioning and dementia

Question 11

Alzihiemers proposed impairment in the following cognitive domains (4)

Answer 11

ability to process new information, ability to handle complex tasks and make sound judgement

Question 12

Cd are highly variable between individuals. Diagnosis must be framed by expectations for an individual given their (3)

Answer 12

age, demographics, and educational background

Question 13

Mobility changes in older adults: what is mobility

Answer 13

The ability to move safely and reliably, where, when and how
someone wants

Question 14

Mobility is important for many things, like what 4 things.

Answer 14

hygiene, work, leisure, socialization

Question 15

Individuals perform mobility based activities using various method including

Answer 15

power from own muscles, assistive devices, mode of transport

Question 16

What can compensate for an individual’s lack of muscle power

Answer 16

assistive tech, other modes of transport

Question 17

What are two important components of mobility?

Answer 17

posture and gait

Question 18

Posture refers to

Answer 18

individual to maintain their center of gravity under both static and dynamic conditions

Question 19

Posture has two main components:

Answer 19

balance coodination and balance recovery

Question 20

balance coordination refers to

Answer 20

maintaining postural control in static and dynamic position

Question 21

balance recovery refers to

Answer 21

regaining stability following an external disturbance

Question 22

Gait refers to

Answer 22

manner of walking

Question 23

what 3 factors are used to measure gait?

Answer 23

postural control, speed, and initiation

Question 24

Mobility loss can result from (3)

Answer 24

meds, injuries, illness

Question 25

age has what effect on mobility

Answer 25

deteriorating effect

Question 26

Many older adults experience worsened postural control which looks like

Answer 26

front-to-back swaying

Question 27

gait is also impacted by

Answer 27

muscle pain

Question 28

Limitations in mobility can lead to blank dependence, increased risk of depression, and difficulty with blank

Answer 28

Increased dependence, increase risk of depression and difficulty with socialization.

Question 29

Cognitive decline and mobility are not blank of each other.

Answer 29

independent

Question 30

cognition is necessary for the initiation and modification of

Answer 30

movement

Question 31

postural control and gait stability rely on blank resources and blank functioning among other process

Answer 31

Postural control and gait stability rely on attentional resources and executive functioning among other processes

Question 32

blank decline has been identified as a potential predictor of future gait difficulties

Answer 32

cognitive

Question 33

two approaches to understanding cognition and mobility relationship

Answer 33

single task and daul task

Question 34

What is single task?

Answer 34

participants perform one mobility task (stand or walk) or one cognitive task (count backward)

Question 35

Dual tasks explained

Answer 35

participants perform a cognitive and mobility task at the same time

Question 36

although there is some debate, dual tasks show

Answer 36

difficulty with mobility with cognitive interference

Question 37

for healthy older adults adding an additional cognitive task effects 3 things

Answer 37

gait speed, step weight and length increase, and stride to stride variability increases

Question 38

Similarly with MCI and dementia demonstrate slower gait and increased

Answer 38

variability in gait

Question 39

What is the capacity sharing model-

Answer 39

simultaneous performance of two attention demanding tasks results in performance declines in one/ both tasks

Question 40

cross-domain model

Answer 40

Mobility and cognition use the same mental resources.

Question 41

Some people have motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) which has 4 criteria

Answer 41

1. slow gait speed, preservation of performance of daily activities, absence of dementia, cognitive complaints

Question 42

those with MCR were found to be

Answer 42

3x more likely to develop dementia later

Question 43

gait velocity is a predictor of

Answer 43

global cognitive impairment

Question 44

Swingtime variability predicts

Answer 44

memory impairment

Question 45

Case fo cog decline impacting mobility: cognitive decline is

Answer 45

gradual and can co unnoticed

Question 46

case for cognitive domains can predict future mobility issues like

Answer 46

executive function, memory attention

Question 47

Mobility intervention: physical activities

Answer 47

active older adults are less likely to experience CD than non-active adults

Question 48

aging changes related to driving: sensory decline

Answer 48

vision loss, reduction in visual acuity, and narrow field of vision

Question 49

aging changes related to driving: reduction in

Answer 49

grip strength and neck rotation

Question 50

self regulatory behaviours for diving include

Answer 50

driving less, shorter distances, avoid driving in challenging conditions