week 4

Question 1

sensory memory is comprised of

Answer 1

short term memory

long term memory-explicit memory

Question 2

explicit memory

Answer 2

-> declarative memory-> episodic memory-semantic memory

Question 3

what is working memory?

Answer 3

similar to short memory but involves manipulation of info

Question 4

example of short term memory task

Answer 4

digit span forward: repeat these numbers 3456

Question 5

example of working memory?

Answer 5

digit span backwards

Question 6

example of visual working memory task

Answer 6

change detection task

Question 7

change detection task explained

Answer 7

Shows photo with three dots

Screen goes blank

Screen comes back, did something change?

Continues and manipulates the amount of squares as experiment continues

Question 8

when does performance start to decline in visual working memory tasks

Answer 8

once there were 4 squares in the display

Question 9

Long term memory: How is implicit memory as we age?

Answer 9

stable

Question 10

explicit memory: semantic memory(memory for facts) as we age

Answer 10

stable

Question 11

explicit memory: (episodic memory) as we age

Answer 11

decline

Question 12

Episodic memory refers to

Answer 12

Memory for specific personal experience

The ability to encode and retrieves information and association that make up events of our lives

Question 13

how is autobiographical memory different than episodic

Answer 13

have both episodic and semantic components

Question 14

WHat does the medial temporal lobe do?

Answer 14

Facilitates binding of features into unique representations during encoding and comparison of those features with cues during retrieval

Question 15

Posterior parietal cortex role?

Answer 15

Less direct support such as helping with decisions (male vs. Female) or guiding attention

Question 16

evidence to support its relationship with memory, Core episodic network: MTL and posterior cortex

Answer 16

Under-recruitment of MTL and posterior cortex in imaging studies

Damage to these areas lead to profound amnesia

Question 17

evidence against the neural core network (medial temporal lobe and posterior parietal cortex)

Answer 17

MTL atrophy does not occur until 80 or 90 years of age, whether episodic decline can occur earlier between 60 to 80 years

Studies that equate age groups experimentally (reducing load) or statistically (controlling for individual differences) failed to find reliable age differences

Question 18

Prefrontal cortex supports the cognitive control processes needed for episodic memory success through:

Answer 18

Evaluative the relationship between stimuli and concept

Selecting between competing memory presentations

Monitoring the retrieved information

Question 19

Supportive evidence for PFC and episodic memory?

Answer 19

older adults with larger gray matter volume in lateral PFC show better episodic memory

Question 20

What is the frontal aging hypothesis?

Answer 20

Functions that depend on frontal regions decline in aging, functions that independent of frontal regions would be spared

Question 21

Interference resolution is connected to

Answer 21

inhibition deficit

Question 22

Deficits in interference resolution affects episodic memory:

Answer 22

Initially generated memories also compete with creating new ones

Difficulty Suppressing the irrelevant information is a strong contributor to interference resolution, especially for older adults who have difficulty with inhibition

Question 23

Individual differences in episodic memory can be explained by what two things?

Answer 23

cognitive reserve and brain maintence

Question 24

what is cognitive reserve?

Answer 24

flexible and efficient use of available neural resources despite decline

Question 25

Brain maintence explained

Answer 25

preservation of neural resources across lifespan

Question 26

Caren campbell assertts what about memory decline?

Answer 26

Might not be memory decline but rather decline in ability to show attentional control which leads to memories being formed

Question 27

What is collaborative memory?

Answer 27

Working with others (physically co-present) to remember event

Question 28

What type of collaboration benefits memory across both age groups

Answer 28

group level collaboration

Question 29

When comparising individual performance in a group vs. on their own it was found that

Answer 29

in group memory is better and individual level collaboration disrupts memory

Question 30

What is collaborative inhibition?

Answer 30

An individual recall less in a group than on their own Why? Collaborations may use different strats that will disrupt one's own strat for remembering

Question 31

What is the social contagion paradigm?

Answer 31

Confederate introduces both accurate and inaccurate information during collaborative recall

Question 32

Agist sterotypes what characteristic about a person affects social contagion?

Answer 32

their age

Question 33

What happened when an older person confederated information and when a younger confederate was chosen?

Answer 33

both younger and older participants discounted older adults suggestions

Question 34

What negative aspect of aging is emphasized?

Answer 34

Positive (part time student; international travel) Negative (retired, knitter)