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Anatomy & Physiology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

organization of the body

A

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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2
Q

components of atom

A

electron, electron orbit, nucleus, proton, neutron

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3
Q

electron

A

negative charged particles that travels around the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

electron orbit

A

clouds followed by electrons around the nucleus

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5
Q

nucleus

A

center core of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

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6
Q

proton

A

positive charged particles inside the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

neutron

A

negative charged particles INSIDE the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

elements

A

any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary means. can be seen on the periodic table

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9
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds containing oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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10
Q

carbohydrates

A

monomer - monosaccharide
polymer- polysaccharide

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11
Q

proteins

A

monomer - amino acids
polymer - polypeptide

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12
Q

lipids

A

monomer - fatty acid, glycerol
polymer - lipid

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13
Q

nucleic acids

A

monomer - nucleotide
polymer - nucleic acid

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14
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells having similar structure and function

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15
Q

four types of tissue

A

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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16
Q

epithelia

A

body tissue lining the outer surface of the body and lining the GI tract and other organs

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17
Q

simple epithelia

A

one layer thick, all cells touch the basement membrane

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18
Q

stratified epithelia

A

multiple layers thick, all cells do not touch the basement membrane

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19
Q

transitional epithelia

A

a stratified epithelium made up of multiple layers of cells, where the cells constituting the tissue can change shape depending on the distention of the organ

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20
Q

where would transitional epithelia be found

A

uterus, urinary bladder

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21
Q

simple squamous epithelia function and location

A

function- allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substance
location- air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

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22
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium function and location

A

function- secretes and absorbs
location - in ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules

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23
Q

simple columnar epithelium function and location

A

f- absorbs; also secretes mucous and enzymes
l- ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus, smooth (noncilliated tissues) are in the digestive tract and bladder

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24
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function and location

A

f- secretes mucus, cilliated tissue moves mucus
l- lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

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25
stratified squamous epithelium function and location
f- protects against abrasion l- lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
26
stratified cuboidal epithelium function and location
f- protective tissue l- sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands
27
stratified columnar epithelium function and location
f- secretes and protects l- male urethra and the ducts of some glands
28
transitional epithelium function and location
f- allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch l- lines the bladder, urethra, and uterus
29
connective tissue
tissue that binds, supports, separates, other tissue or organs
30
organization of bone tissue
osteon, haversian canal, osteocyte, lacunae, canaliculi
31
osteon
structural unit of a bone
32
haversian canal
small channels through which blood ramify in bone
33
osteocyte
a bone cell that occupies lacunae
34
lacunae
a small space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte
35
canaliculi
microscopic canals between lacunae in bone tissue
36
types of muscle tissue
smooth, cardiac, skeletal
37
smooth muscle
spindle shaped, nonstriated, uninucleated fibers occurs in walls of of internal organs involuntary
38
cardiac muscle
has striated, branched, generally uninucleated fibers occurs in walls of heart involuntary
39
skeletal muscle
striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers usually attached to skeleton voluntary
40
what does cardiac muscle have that is unique
intercalated discs
41
nerves tissue consists of what two types of cells
neurons and neuroglia
42
neuroglia function
support, nourish, protect the neurons and maintain homeostasis in the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons
43
axon
part of a neuron that conducts impulses AWAY from the cell body
44
dendrite
part of a neuron that conducts impulses TOWARD the cell body
45
nucleus
control center of the neuron, contains the chromosome
46
myelin sheath
layers of fat that protect the nerve cells
47
Schwann cell
cell of PNS that form the myelin sheath and protect the nerve cells
48
node of Ranvier
a gap in the myelin sheath of a neuron between Schwann cells, conducts between nerve impulses
49
axon terminal
small swellings at the end of axons, that make contact with other nerve cells
50
types of neuroglia in the CNS
ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
51
types of neuroglia in the PNS
satellite cells, Schwann cells
52
astrocytes
maintain blood brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after injury
53
ependymal cells
line ventricles in the brain and central canal, assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid
54
oligodendrocytes
myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework
55
microglia
remove cell debris, waste, and pathogens by phagocytosis
56
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulate O2 and CO2 nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neuron in ganglia
57
Schwann cells
surround all axons in the PNS, responsible for myelination of peripheral axons, participate in repair process after injury
58
what makes up the CNS
spinal cord, brain stem, brain
59
what makes up the PNS
autonomic NS, somatic NS
60
what makes up the autonomic NS
sympathetic and parasympathetic
61
what is in the cranial cavity
brain
62
what is in the spinal cavity
spinal cord
63
what is in the thoracic cavity
heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus
64
what is in the abdominal cavity
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys
65
what is in the pelvic cavity
reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum, anal canal
66
when an epithelium secretes a product it is said to be glandular
gland - endocrine or exocrine
67
loose fibrous CT
supports epithelium and many internal organs. found in lungs, arteries, and urinary bladder. allows organs to expand. support and bind organs
68
dense fibrous CT
contains many collagen fibers ligaments and tendons
69
adipose CT
contains cells filled with fat. occurs beneath the skin around the heart and other organs. functions in insulation, cushioning, and storing fat
70
reticular CT
forms and supports network of lymphoid tissue In lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, gland, and bone marrow
71
three functions of nervous tissue
sensory input, integration of data, motor output
72
three ventral cavities
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
73
thoracic cavity
contains the lungs and heart
74
abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, liver, large and small intestine, spleen, pancreas
75
what separates the thoracic and abdominal caivites
the diaphragm
76
pelvic cavity
contains rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and lower part of large intestine (sigmoid colon)
77
two dorsal cavities (posterior)
cranial and spinal
78
cranial cavity
contains the brain
79
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
80
four types of body membranes
serous, mucous, meninges, synovial
81
mucous membranes
lines digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive systems has goblet cells secretes mucus
82
serous membrane
secrete watery fluid that keeps membranes lubricated and help hinder the spread of infection
83
percardium
type of serous membrane covering the heart
84
pleura
type of serous membrane covering the covers
85
peritoneum
type of serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity and all of its organs
86
mesentery
a double layer of the peritoneum which supports abdominal organs and attaches them to the abdominal wall
87
meninges
membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
88
synovial membranes
lines freely movable joints that secret synovial fluid that lubricate the cartilage at the ends of long bones so that they can move smoothly in the joint cavity
89
integumentary system
skin- protects and covers the body, help control body temp
90
cardiovascular system
heart and blood vessels transport blood, nutrients, gases and wastes. defends against disease; helps control homeostasis
91
lymphatic system
spleen and lymph nodes; defense against infection, absorbs fats, control fluid balance
92
digestive system
esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder ingest and digest food, absorb nutrients and eliminate wastes
93
respiratory system
nose, trachea, bronchi, alveoli sacs, lungs exchange gases at lungs and tissues, helps control pH balance
94
urinary system
kidney, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder excrete metabolic waste, help control fluid balance, helps control pH balance
95
skeletal system
about 206 bones protection, support, movement, mineral storage, produce blood cells
96
muscular system
more than 600 muscles, maintain posture, move body, produce heat
97
nervous system
brain and spinal cord coordinate organ systems, transmit nerve impulses
98
endocrine system
endocrine glands produce hormones, respond to stress, regulate metabolism, reproduction
99
reproductive system
produce gametes

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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