Week 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are examples of Nurture inspired theories?
Behaviorist theory
Social Interactionist theory
Cognitive theory
Intentionality Model
Competition Model.
What are some examples of Nature inspired theories?
Modularity theory
Universal Grammar
Bootstrapping theories
What is an example of a Nature AND Nurture inspired theory?
Connectionist Theories
What is Evidence Based Practice according to ASHA
There is empirical (observable) evidence to document to effectiveness of a particular treatment procedure or assessment instrument. Clinical expertise + Best researched evidence + Patients values and goals.
Basic Research vs. Applied Research
Basic Research: Builds on and expands the knowledge base of a field. Theoretical.
Applied Research: Puts an approach into practice to see how it affects quality of life. Practical.
Behaviorist Theory
BF Skinner
All learning is the result of Operant Conditioning: behaviors that are positively reinforced become strengthened. Behaviors that are punished become weakened.
Social Interactionist Theory
Lev Veygotsky
Social Interaction is key in language development. Could be with adults or peers. Language development occurs when caregivers provide support in the Zone of Proximal Development.
Zone of Proximal Development
The difference between a child’s developmental level and their potential development with the help of an adult. (social interactionist theory)
Cognitive Theory
Jean Piaget
There are certain developmental stages a child must achieve before moving on to the next stage. Children must reach theory of mind before they can have a meaningful conversation.
Theory of Mind
The ability to understand that different people have different perspectives. (Piaget)
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Intentionality Model
Bloom. Children understand that other people think differently than them. They must use their words to communicate wants.
Competition Model
McWhinney. The frequency of exposure determines what sticks. Exposure to the correct form will stick same with more frequent exposure to incorrect.
Modularity Theory
Fodor. There are different modules of the brain that are in charge of different skills. Modules operate independently but can also interact with one another to produce a combo of functions.
Universal Grammar
Noam Chomsky. Everyone is born with a language aquisition device. No teaching is necessary. There is a system of grammatical rules and constraints consistent in all languages.
Syntactic Bootstrapping
Children use their knowledge of grammar and sentence structure to understand the meanings of new words. Ex: “The dog is chasing the ball” they can infer that chasing is an action because of it placement in the sentence.
Semantic Bootstrapping
Children deduce grammatical structure by using their knowledge of word meanings gathered through observation.
Prosodic Bootstrapping
Children use tone of voice, rhythm, volume to figure out the meaning behind what they hear.
Connectionist Theories
Rumelhart and McClelland
Children learn language through forming a neural connection network in the brain. The network is constantly transforming in response to language input.
How do language development theories influence practice?
Prevention
Intervention/Remediation
Enrichment
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet- international set of symbols that represents all phonemes in the world
Language
A code of symbols that translates one form of information into another.
3 Major Domains in Language
Form- The sounds and grammatical structure of a sentence. (syntax)
Content- what the words mean (semantics)
Use- The social context (pragmatics)
5 Components of Language
Phonology- The study of speech sounds (phonemes)
Morphology- the rules that govern how the smallest meaningful units of grammar (morphemes) are organized
Syntax- Grammar, order of words ina sentence
Semantics- meaning of words
Pragmatics- social rules of language
