Week 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Overextension- synonym, definition and 3 types.
Overgeneralization
Children use words in an overly general manner.
Categorical overextension- extend word to other words in same category
Analogical overextension-extend word to perceptually similar words
Relational overextension- extend word to semantically or thematically similar words.
Infant Directed Speech (IDS)
Definition, synonyms and Characteristics.
The speech adults use when talking to infants. Also called Motherese/Fatherese and babytalk.
Characteristics: Higher pitch, exaggerated pitch contours and slower tempo. Shorter mlu, fewer subordinate clauses, more content words vs. function words. more repetition and questions.
Underextension
Toddlers use words to refer only to a subset of possible referents. Ex: “clock” is only the thing hanging on the wall. Is not that thing found on a microwave.
Overlap
When toddlers overextend a word in some circumstances and underextend in others. Ex: “juice” is juice and tea but not what’s in a juice box.
Fast Mapping
When a toddler makes a connection between a word and it referent after only a brief exposure. Fast but not always accurate.
Slow Mapping
Toddler gradually refine the meaning of a word after multiple exposures. Occurs after fast mapping.
Extended Mapping
A full and complete understanding of the meaning of a word.
Receptive Lexicon
The words children can comprehend
Expressive Lexicon
The words children produce
What is the first of Browns Grammatical Morphemes learned?
Present progressive -ing
Joint Attention
Joint attention is the simultaneous engagement of two or more individuals in mental focus on a single external object of attention.
Phases of joint attention/reference
1) Attention to social partners (0-6 months)
2) Emergence of joint attention (6 months to one year)
3) Transition to language (1 year and beyond)
Age of mastery
The age when most children (over 50%)can produce a sound in an adult like manner
How do infants maily communicate 0-1
Babbling, gestures, single words
How do toddlers maily communicate (1-2)
Word combinations, fewer gestures, semantics and syntax are growing
Customary age of production
Age by which 50% of children can produce a sound in an adult-like way in multiple word positions.
False belief tasks
A common measure of theory of mind. Assess whether children understand that others beliefs can differ from their own.
Auxilery
Helping verb to the main verb in the sentence. (ex: is jumping, will eat, may go)
Copula
The main (only) verb in a sentence (I am a woman, they are boys, she was mad)
Contractable vs. uncontractible
Has the ability to be contracted vs. does not ex (she is, she was…)
Stages of babbling
Reflexive (0-2 months)
Control of Phonation (1-4 months)
Expansion (3-8 months)
Basic Canonical Syllables (5-10 months)
Advanced forms (9-18 months)
Reflexive babbling (0-2 months)
Includes sounds of discomfort and distress and vegetative sounds. Ex: crying/fussing, burping, coughing, sneezing
Control of phonation (1-4 months)
Cooing and gooing. mostly vowel like sounds. aaaam, gooooo. Back of mouth consonants are produced first
Expansion (3-8 months)
produce isolated vowel sound and vowel glides eeeeeey. experiment with loudness pitch and squealing. Marginal Babbling: babbling containing short strings of consonant-like and vowel-like sounds with long transitions between vowels/consonants
