Week 2- Five Components of Language Flashcards
(45 cards)
Phonological Development
Acquiring the rules of language that govern the sound structure of syllables and words.
Phoneme
Smallest unit of speech sound that can make one word different from another in meaning.
Minimal Pairs
Words that differ by only one phoneme. Ex Row and Low
Phonotactic Rules/Constraints
Specify legal (acceptable) orders of sounds in syllables and words and the places where specific phonemes can and cannot occur.
Ex: /kl/ is okay (clean, clamp) but /tl/ is not okay. Tlamp
Prosodic cues
Word and syllable intonation, stress, pitch and volume patterns. allows infants to break into the speech stream.
Phonotactic cues
Sounds following the phonotactic rules of an infant’s language which allows them to parse the speech stream.
Phonological knowledge vs Phonological production/expression
Phonological knowledge: knowledge of internal representation of phonemes in language.
Phonological production: using the knowledge to produce syllables and words.
Phonemic inventory
A persons knowledge of all the sounds that are produced in a specific language.
What develops first vowel or consonants?
Vowels! Consonants develop in chunks there are early and late consonants.
intelligibility milestones for 1-4 year olds
1 - 25%
2 - 50%
3 - 75%
4 - 100%
Phonological Awareness
The ability to attend to phonological units of speech.
Key components of Phonological awareness
Phoneme awareness: ex realize a word pie is made of different phonemes.
Syllable counting ex: some words have more than one syllables ex wonderful
Rhyme detection- some words rhyme some don’t
Initial sound identification- knowing word door sounds with /d/
Initial sound elision- knowing if you take the /d/ aways from door you’ll have oor
Phoneme counting- knowing door has 2 phonemes d and oor.
Why is phonological awareness important?
Because it makes a bridge between language and reading.
Phonemic awareness tasks for sound combinations
Count words in sentences
Syllable counting
Separating Onset-rime- onset= first sound and Rime=the rest of word. Ex: rain. Onset=/r/ Rime= ain.
Rhyme/Alliteration
Phonemic awarness tasks for single
Isolation- saying each sound individually. Letter k is articulated as /k/
Segmenting- Breaking a word up into is individual phonemes /d/ /o/ /g/
Blending- blending phonemes to create word ex dog
Addition/deletion/substitution- if you ad delete or substitute a sound the word will change.
Phonics
Alphabetic principle + phonemic awareness. Teaches what letter makes what sound.
Functional Load
The importance of a certain letter in a language. The higher the functional load the earlier that sound is developed.
Is phonology related to speech or language?
Speech, because it has to do with sound production.
Respiration
phonation
resonance
articulation
Morphological Development
internalization of the rules of language that govern word structure.
Grammatical Morphemes (Inflectional Morphemes)
morphemes that are added to words to add grammatical inflection.
ex: plural -s
possessive ‘s
past tense -ed
present progressive -ing
Derivational Morphemes
Prefixs or suffixs added to rood words to create derived words. Changes the meaning of the word.
ex friends- unfriend, befriend, friendless
Prefix :Un- Dis- Re- Pre- Uni- Tri- Inter- Fore- Post- Co- Im- Anti- Sub- In- Un-
Suffix: -y –ly –like –tion –ful –less –er –est –ness –ish –able –ician –ism –logy -phobia
when is a morpheme considered mastered
When a child uses it in 90% or more of obvious contexts.
Syntactic Development
Children’s internalization of the rules of language that govern how words are organized into sentences. (grammar)
3 Major Syntactic Achievements
1) An increase in utterance length
2) Use of different sentence modalities
3) The development of complex syntax
