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800 > Week 1-4 (Revised) > Flashcards

Week 1-4 (Revised) Flashcards

1
Q

Measurements of PA

A
  • Questionnaires and survey
  • Diary or log
  • Direct observation
  • Pedometers
  • Accelerometers
  • GPS
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2
Q

VQ matching is

A

Gas exchange between O2 and CO2 via diffusion in alveoli that are both ventilated and perfused

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3
Q

What are the 2 pleural surfaces

A

Visceral pleura attaches to lung wall

Parietal pleura attaches to chest wall

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4
Q

How is the negative pressure between the 2 pleural surfaces created

A

Lungs are elastic and want to recoil inwards
Chest wall wants to expand outwards
It creates a negative pressure in the pleural cavity to keep the lungs expanded

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5
Q

Tidal volume is

A

Volume of gas inspired/expired during one respiratory cycle

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6
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume is

A

Volume of air forcibly inhaled after normal tidal volume

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7
Q

Expiratory reserve volume is

A

Volume of gas forcibly exhaled after normal tidal volume

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8
Q

Residual volume is

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation

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9
Q

Inspiratory capacity is

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following resting state

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10
Q

Vital capacity is

A

Total amount of air exhaled after maximum inspiration to maximum exhalation

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11
Q

Functional residual capacity is

A

Air remaining in lungs after end of normal exhalation

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12
Q

Total lung capacity is

A

Sum of all volume apartments

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13
Q

What causes us to breathe during inspiration

A

Pa < Pb therefore air flows into lung
Respiratory muscles contract > thoracic cage expands > lung volume increases > intra-alveolar and intra-pleural pressure become more negative > air flows into lungs because pressure in alveoli is less than at mouth

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14
Q

What causes us to breathe during expiration

A

Pa > Pb therefore air flows out of lungs
Respiratory muscles relax > lungs passively recoil > alveolar pressure is higher than barometric pressure so gas leaves the lungs

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15
Q

Intrapleural pressure becomes more negative

A
  • When we inspire
  • At the lung apices
    Due to the effect of gravity
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16
Q

What is the intra pleural pressure and alveoli at apices regions

A

Gravity pulls down on lungs more
More negative intrapleural pressure
Alveoli stretched
Alveoli more open at FRC

17
Q

What is the intra pleural pressure and alveoli at basal regions

A

Gravity has less pull-on lungs
Less negative intrapleural pressure
Alveoli less stretched
Alveoli less open at FRC

18
Q

Non-dependent regions are ? at FRC

A

Already stretched open at FRC by greater Ppl
Less compliant
Less ventilation

19
Q

Dependent regions are ? at FRC

A

Less stretched open at FRC as negative Ppl is less
More compliant
More ventilation

20
Q

Mucociliary escalator occurs in what area

A

Conducting part of LRT

21
Q

Mucus is

A

A mechanical, chemical, biological barrier to inhaled material which contains natural enzymes and antibiotics to destroy bacteria and virus

22
Q

Cilia

A

Moves particles caught in mucus up to pharynx where it is swallowed

23
Q

Cough functions to

A

Assist in removal of material from airways when volume of mucus is too large, MCC damaged or exercise

24
Q

Alveolar clearance

A

Occurs when small particles reach the alveoli and deposit via sedimentation/diffusion. They are engulfed by macrophages and are moved to smaller airways via MCC or removed by lymphatic system.

25
Q

Reasons for reduced MCC

A

Increased age, sleep, respiratory disease, medications - anaesthesia, opiates, smoking

26
Q

Reasons for increased MCC

A

Exercise, environment, medication - ventolin

27
Q

ActivPAL advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantage: accelerometer and inclinometer, waterproof, tracks sedentary bouts
Disadvantage: expensive ($800), one algorithm

28
Q

Actigraph advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages: accelerometer, moderate price, various algorithms
Disadvantage: not waterproof

29
Q

What are some central circulatory adjustments

A 
Increased SV, decreased HR
Improved vagal tone
Improved contraction strength
Increased ventricular volume
Increased plasma volume
Increased filling time and VR
30
Q

What are some peripheral circulatory adjustments

A

Increase in O2 delivery and extraction
Hypertrophy of slow twitch fibres
Skeletal muscle O2 extraction is increased

800 (12 decks)

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