Week 1: Biochemistry I

Question 1

Functional Group

Answer 1

Group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds.

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

CH2O
Sugars and starches.

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Smallest unit of carbohydrate
Simple sugars.

Question 4

Pentose Sugar

Answer 4

Mono.
Deoxyribose, ribose.

Question 5

Hexose Sugar

Answer 5

Mono.
Glucose, fructose,

Question 6

Isomers

Answer 6

Compounds with same molecular formula, but different structures and properties.

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Main energy supplying molecule.

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

Excess glucose stored in the body for later use.

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

2 mono’s joined together via covalent bond by dehydration synthesis.
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose.

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Polymers split into monomers by hydrolysis.
Bonds broken, donates water, hydrogen to one monomer, hydroxyl group to another.

Question 11

Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Many mono’s together covalently.
Starch, glycogen (highly branched), cellulose.

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Mainly CH but also O
Ex: Stearic Acid

Question 13

Fatty Acids

Answer 13

Non-polar.
Building block for other lipids.
Carboxylic acid with hydrocarbon chain.

Question 14

3 Types of Lipids

Answer 14

Triglyceride, Steroid, Phospholipid.

Question 15

Triglyceride

Answer 15

Glycerol molecule, 3 fatty acid chains.
Formed by dehydration reaction.

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Polar head, non polar tail.
Phosphate group, glycerol, fatty acids.
Major component of cell membrane.

Question 17

Steroids

Answer 17

4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings with assortment of functional groups.
ex: cholesterol, bile salts, sex hormones,

Question 18

Functions of Fats

Answer 18

Storage of energy, Components of cell membranes, component of bile, Fat soluble vitamins, hormones, insulation and protection.

Question 19

Saturated Fats

Answer 19

Single bonds between carbon atoms.
Long straight chain
Solid.

Question 20

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 20

One or more double bonds between carbons, some only have one hydrogen, chain bends.
Softer/Liquid Fats.

Question 21

Polyunsaturated Fats

Answer 21

2 or more double bonds per fatty acid molecule.
Beneficial in controlling levels of blood cholesterol.
Ex: sunflower oil.

Question 22

Phosphlipid Structure

Answer 22

2 fatty acids.
phosphate group instead of third fatty acid.
Hydrophillic head, hydrophobic tail.