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BIOL 1103 > Week 6: The Eye > Flashcards

Week 6: The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A

Sclera
Outermost layer

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2
Q

Vascular Tunic

A

Middle layer
Iris, Ciliary Body, Choroid

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3
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer
Pigmented layer and neural layer.

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4
Q

Sclera

A

White of eye
Shape to eyeball
Protects inner parts
Continues as cornea anteriorly.

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5
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent, non-vascular.
Covers Iris
Principal Refractive Medium of eye.

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6
Q

Choroid

A

Pigmented (absorbs rays so they dont bounce)
Highly vasularised
Anterior choroid (ciliary body and iris)

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7
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Alters shape of lens (with muscles), allows eye to focus on objects.

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8
Q

Zonule

A

Ciliary Muscles

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9
Q

Iris

A

Coloured part of eye
Diaphragm between lens and cornea
Alters pupil size.

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10
Q

Bright Light

A

Circular mucles of iris contract = constriction (para)

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11
Q

Dim Light

A

Radial muscles of iris constrict = dilate (symp)

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12
Q

Retina

A

Nervous tissue and pigment
Photoreceptors
Role in image formation

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13
Q

Ora Serrata

A

Junction between retina and ciliary body
Where retina transitions from non-photosensitive to multilayered photosensitive region.

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14
Q

Mucla Lutea

A

Center of retina
Depression called fovea
Highest visual acuity
High concentration of cone receptors

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15
Q

Optic Disc

A

Retina where ganglion neurons bend posteriorly to form optic nerve
Blind spot.

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16
Q

Lens

A

Posterior to iris
Focuses light rays on retina
Refractory apparatus of eye
Suspensory ligaments attach lens to ciliary body

17
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

Aqeuous humor (from blood capillaries in ciliary body)
Maintains introcular pressure
Supplies nutrients to lens and cornea

18
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

Vitreous humor (jelly)
Intraocular pressure
Holds retina against choroid

19
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Thin mucous membrane
Lines eyelid, covers front surface of eyeball (minus cornea)
Produces lubricant, keeps eyeball moist.

20
Q

Refraction of Light Rays

A

Cornea - principle and fixed
Lens - varied

21
Q

Lens during distant viewing

A

Light rays at cornea are parallel
Ciliary muscles relaxed
Suspensory ligaments tight
Lens is stretched
tall, thin shape

22
Q

Lens during near viewing

A

Light rays divergent
Ciliary mucles contracted
Suspensory ligaments loose
Lens short, bugled, convex.

23
Q

Convergence of Eyes

A

Six extrinsic muscles
Ensures image falls on fovea

24
Q

Constriction of Pupil

A

During near vision
Limits amount of light through periphery of bulging lens
Light through thickest part of lens
Prevents blurred vision

25
Q

Rods

A

20 times more numerous than cones
Dim light, high sensitivity and peripheral
Does not provide sharp images

26
Q

Cones

A

Less numerous than rods
Bright light, low sensitivity, central receptors
High clarity and colour vision.

27
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Only cones
# of rods increase and cones decrease with further distance from fovea.

28
Q

Rhodopsin

A

photopigment - rods
Pigment (Retinal) from Vit A
Protein (Opsin)
Only one pigment

29
Q

What happens when light strikes Rhodopsin

A

Pigment breaks down, causes nerve impulse in the neuron.

30
Q

Cone Photopigments

A

Cone Opsins (red, green, blue)

31
Q

Pathway of Images (From Retina to Brain)

A

Photoreceptors - Bipolar Neurons - Ganglion Neurons - Optic Nerve (CN II) - Optic Tract - Thalamus - Visual Cortex

32
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus Location

A

Gland and duct above eye, below outer eyebrow

33
Q

Function of Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Tears

34
Q

Tears

A

Watery solution containing: salts, mucous, Lysozyme

35
Q

Functions of Tears

A

Clean, lubricate, moisten eyes.
Protect against bacterial infections.

BIOL 1103 (12 decks)

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