Week 3: Tissue Structure & Function

Question 1

Why is tissue level organization so important?

Answer 1

Efficiency

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

Lining and covering of tissues.
No blood supply.
3 types.

Question 3

Squamous

Answer 3

Scale-like.
Flat nucleus.
Epithelial Tissue

Question 4

Cubodial

Answer 4

Cube shaped
Epithelial

Question 5

Columnar Cell

Answer 5

Nucleus close to base.
Rectangular shape.
Epithelial Tissue.

Question 6

Tissue Types in the Body

Answer 6

Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nerve

Question 7

Epithelial Composition

Answer 7

Apical surface on top, attached basal surface on bottom.
Sits on non-cellular basement membrane.
No blood vessels but has nerves.
Replaces itself (regenerative)

Question 8

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Structure, Function, Location.

Answer 8

One layer.
Thin = easy diffusion.
Reduces friction, diffusion, secretion.
Air sacs of lungs, blood vessels.

Question 9

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Structure, Function, Location.

Answer 9

One layer.
Secretion and absorption.
Ducts of glands and kidneys.

Question 10

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Structure, Function, Location

Answer 10

One layer.
Microvilli (more surface area)
Secretion and absorption.
Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, digestive glands, gall bladder

Question 11

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Structure, Function, Location.

Answer 11

Multiple layers.
Secretion and protection.
Sweat glands.

Question 12

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Structure, Function, Location.

Answer 12

Multiple layers
Protection of underlying areas subjected to abrasion.
Skin

Question 13

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Struc, Fun, Loc

Answer 13

Multiple Layers
Secretion and protection
Male urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands.

Question 14

Functions of Epithelial Tissues

Answer 14

Protection, permeability, sensation, specialized secretions.

Question 15

Connective Tissue

Answer 15

Framework of organs/structures by connecting tissues to make up organs.
Composed of Matrix and Associated cells

Question 16

Matrix

Answer 16

Non-living intercellular material.
Protein fibers and ground substances

Question 17

Associated Cells (Connective Tissue)

Answer 17

Produce, maintain and are found in matrix.

Question 18

5 Classifications of Connective Tissue

Answer 18

Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Solid, Liquid

Question 19

3 Types of Loose

Answer 19

Areolar, Reticular, Adipose

Question 20

3 Types of Dense

Answer 20

Regular, Irregular, Elastic

Question 21

3 types of Cartilage

Answer 21

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Question 22

Solid Connective

Answer 22

Bone

Question 23

Liquid Connective

Answer 23

Blood, Lymph

Question 24

Ground Substance

Answer 24

Fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinuous or calcified
Supports and binds cells.

Question 25

Fibres

Answer 25

Collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 26

Types of Connective Tissue Cells

Answer 26

Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, Melanocytes, Leukocytes, Macrophages, Plasma Cells, Mast Cells

Question 27

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Answer 27

Mesenchyme Present in embryo and fetus Soft and delicate fibres

Question 28

Areolar Connective

Answer 28

Most widely distributed Contains several types of cells All fibre types Strength, elasticity and support.

Question 29

Function of Areolar

Answer 29

Attaches skin and underlying tissues Packing between glands, muscles, nerves.

Question 30

Adipose

Answer 30

Subcutaneous layer of skin and around organs and joints. Adipocytes for fat storage.

Question 31

Function of Adipose

Answer 31

Insulation, support, protection, energy reserve.

Question 32

Reticular

Answer 32

Interlacing reticular fibres and cells Forms scaffolding used by cells of lymphoid tissues.

Question 33

Functions of Reticular

Answer 33

Filters/removes old blood cells and microbes in spleen and lymph nodes.

Question 34

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 34

Thicker and more dense fibres than loose. Less cells than loose. Ex: tendons.

Question 35

Regular Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 35

Collagen bundles arranged regularly Fibroblasts in rows between fibres Forms tendon and ligaments Strength

Question 36

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 36

Random collagen fibres and fibroblasts Forms sheets (skin, heart valves, covering of bone) Strength when forces are pulling from many different directions.

Question 37

Elastic Dense Connective: Makeup, location, function

Answer 37

Branching elastic fibres and few fibroblasts Lung tissue, elastic arteries, trachea, bronchi Allows stretching of organs.

Question 38

Cartilage: Makeup, location, function.

Answer 38

Collagen fibres and elastic fibres in a dense network. No blood vessels Ends of bones, trachea, lungs, nose. Flexibility and support.

Question 39

What is the only connective tissue without blood vessels?

Answer 39

Cartilage

Question 40

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 40

Most abundant Lacunae Ends of long bones, ribs, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx Smooth surface for joint movemtn

Question 41

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 41

Chondrocytes in a threadlike network of elastic fibres Supportive but bends easily Part of external ear and epiglottis Lacunae

Question 42

Fibrocartilage

Answer 42

Thick bundles of collagen fibres, very strong and tough cartilage. Discs in intervertebral spaces and knee joints - supports huge loads up and down axis of body.

Question 43

Bone

Answer 43

Rigid matrix, calcium compounds and collagen fibers. support, protect, movement

Question 44

Blood

Answer 44

No fibres red and white cells transport and immunity

Question 45

Skeletal (Striated) Muscle Tissue

Answer 45

Associated with skeleton Voluntary Movement, posture, heat production. Long cylindrical fibres

Question 46

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Answer 46

Heart Involuntary Circulate blood Striated, but fibres are branched

Question 47

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Answer 47

Internal organs and glands Involuntary Non-striated Movement of materials/structure inside body. Thin spindle shaped cells

Question 48

Desmosomes

Answer 48

Strong protein structures - hold cells together while the heart contracts

Question 49

Gap Junctions

Answer 49

On cardiac muscle cells so ions for heart contraction can pass among all cardiac muscle cells.

Question 50

Intercalated Disc

Answer 50

Dark band between cells Gap junctions and desmosomes together.

Question 51

Nervous Tissue

Answer 51

Nerve cells in a loose association forming networkds

Question 52

Epithelial Tissue overall function

Answer 52

first line of protection from physical, chemical, biological wear and tear.

Question 53

Connective tissue overall function

Answer 53

connect tissues and organs

Question 54

Muscle tissue overall function

Answer 54

movement

Question 55

Nervous tissue overall function

Answer 55

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