week 1 - chest and lungs

Question 1

how many ribs are there

Answer 1

12

Question 2

what are the true ribs

Answer 2

ribs 1-7

Question 3

why are they true ribs

Answer 3

they attach directly to the sternum

Question 4

what are the false ribs

Answer 4

ribs 8,9,10

Question 5

why are they false ribs

Answer 5

they attach to the sternum via the costal cartilage

Question 6

what are the floating ribs

Answer 6

ribs 11 + 12

Question 7

why are they floating ribs

Answer 7

As they don’t articulate with the sternum

Question 8

the first rib is

Answer 8

fixed

Question 9

implications of first rib when intercostal muscles contract

Answer 9

all ribs pulled up apart from the 1st rib

Question 10

order of arteries, veins and nerves in the costal groove

Answer 10

vein, arteries, nerves

Question 11

the 3 parts of the sternum (superior - inferior)

Answer 11

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 12

how to orientate a rib

Answer 12

look for the costal groove, this is the inferior side

Question 13

bump at back of the vertebrae

Answer 13

dorsal spineous process

Question 14

what happens to the xiphoid process when are an adult

Answer 14

is ossified

Question 15

articulation of the uppermost 10 ribs

Answer 15

articulate anteriorly with the sternum and posteriorly with the vertebral column

Question 16

sternal angle

Answer 16

where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet

Question 17

3 intercostal muscles

Answer 17

external
inner
innermost

Question 18

notch at top of sternum

Answer 18

jugular notch

Question 19

2 notches either side of jugular notch

Answer 19

clavicular notch

Question 20

innervation of the diaphragm

Answer 20

left and right phrenic nerve

Question 21

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 21

3 lobes

Question 22

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 22

2 lobes

Question 23

why are there only 2 lobes on the left lung

Answer 23

less space on the left side due to the heart

Question 24

where is the heart located

Answer 24

in the middle mediastinum

Question 25

at what thoracic level divides the superior mediastinum from the rest

Answer 25

t4/t5

Question 26

what occurs at t4/t5 level

Answer 26

marks the level of the transverse thoracic plane which divides the mediastinum into the superior and inferior mediastinum. It overlies the aortic arch on the left and the superior vena cava on the right. Ligamentum arteriosum attaches to the aortic arch.

Question 27

external intercostals

Answer 27

outer surface of ribs downward direction pill ribcage up and out forced exhalation

Question 28

internal intercostals

Answer 28

sit at 90 degrees to EIM go inwards and outwards contract ribcage to decrease volume

Question 29

top part of the sternum

Answer 29

manubrium

Question 30

processes on vertebrae either side of the spinous process

Answer 30

transverse processes

Question 31

name of notch in ribs that carries veins, arteries and nerves

Answer 31

the costal groove

Question 32

function of ribs

Answer 32

protection, support, respiration

Question 33

what are the 3 levels of the diaphragm

Answer 33

sternal costal lumbar

Question 34

body of the sternum begins at what level

Answer 34

T4

Question 35

what pleura lines the lungs

Answer 35

visceral pleura

Question 36

what pleura lines the chest wall

Answer 36

parietal pleura

Question 37

what are the lobes of the right lung

Answer 37

upper middle lower

Question 38

what fissure separates the superior and middle lobe

Answer 38

horizontal fissure

Question 39

what fissure separates the middle and inferior lobe

Answer 39

oblique fissure

Question 40

lobes of left lung

Answer 40

upper | lower

Question 41

name of fissure on left lung

Answer 41

oblique fissure

Question 42

what is the hilum of the lung

Answer 42

found on the medial aspect of each lung pulmonary arteries and veins primary bronchi and bronchial arteries, and the pulmonary nerve plexuses and lymphatics. enter and exit here

Question 43

at what level is the oblique fissure of the right lung

Answer 43

sixth rib

Question 44

at what level is the horizontal fissure of the right lung

Answer 44

4th rib

Question 45

what pierces the diaphragm

Answer 45

the inferior vena cava and phrenic nerve

Question 46

left phrenic nerve controls what side of the diaphragm

Answer 46

interior surface

Question 47

what separates thorax from the abdomen

Answer 47

the diaphragm

Question 48

where does the vagus nerve arise

Answer 48

the brainstem

Question 49

where does the vagus nerve enter the chest

Answer 49

from the neck close to the sides of the trachea and oesophagus

Question 50

function of the vagus nerve

Answer 50

Splits into 2 innervates muscles in the throat, innervates lungs and heart provides contraction of smooth muscle in the trachea continues down into abdomen

Question 51

where does the phrenic nerve arise

Answer 51

in the neck C3,4,5

Question 52

what is the lingula

Answer 52

tongue shaped region of the left lung | divided into 2 segments

Question 53

intercostal vein

Answer 53

drain area between ribs, called the intercostal space | divides into 2

Question 54

intercostal artery

Answer 54

gives rise to 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries | supply blood to the corresponding intercostal space

Question 55

intercostal nerve

Answer 55

branches off the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves and innervates the thoracic and abdominal walls

Question 56

bucket handle

Answer 56

ribcage up and out, increases volume

Question 57

pump handle

Answer 57

pulling sternum up and out | anterior posterior action

Question 58

main bronchi location and function

Answer 58

start at 4th thoracic vertebrae | shuttle air to and from lungs

Question 59

bronchial arteries

Answer 59

carry oxygen blood to lungs | pressure 6x that of pulmonary arteries