week 3 - abdominal wall and intestines

Question 1

number of layers of the muscle lining of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

3

Question 2

name of the muscle that spans the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 2

rectus abdominis

Question 3

3 muscles that line the lateral wall of the abdomen

Answer 3

external obliques
internal obliques
transverse obliques

Question 4

rectus abdominis

Answer 4

muscle spanning the anterior abdominal wall

inserts at 5,6,7 costal cartilages

Question 5

linea alba

Answer 5

central band of fibrous tissue, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 6

central band of fibrous tissue, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 6

linea alba

Question 7

external oblique muscle

Answer 7

outermost abdominal muscle, extends down from lower ribs (5-12) to the pelvis.

Question 8

direction of external oblique muscle fibres

Answer 8

direction as if you were to put your hands in your pockets, diagonally downward from lateral to medial

Question 9

external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 9

anterior aponeurosis of external oblique contributes to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath

Question 10

where does the internal oblique muscle arise

Answer 10

lumbar fascia and the iliac crest and lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

Question 11

direction of internal oblique fibres

Answer 11

upwards at 90 degrees to external oblique fibres

Question 12

what do the internal oblique fibres apnoneurose with

Answer 12

aponeurosis of the transverse to form the conjoint tendon

Question 13

where does the transverse oblique muscle arise

Answer 13

inner surface of the lower 6 ribs, lumbar fascia, iliac crest and lateral 1/3rd of inguinal ligament

Question 14

superior epigastric artery

Answer 14

blood vessel that carries oxy blood

supplies the anterior skin of the abdomen

Question 15

where does the superior epigastric artery arise

Answer 15

the internal thoracic artery

Question 16

inferior epigastric artery

Answer 16

supplies anterior abdominal wall muscles

anastomoses with the superior epigastric

Question 17

where does the inferior epigastric artery arise

Answer 17

arises from the external iliac artery

Question 18

nerves that supply the anterior wall are provided by what thoracic vertebrae

Answer 18

T8 - L3

Question 19

white fibrous sheet covering the rectus abdomini

Answer 19

aporneurosis of the external abdominal obliques

Question 20

3 parts of the small intestine proximal to distal

Answer 20

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 21

the ____ forms a c-shaped loop

Answer 21

Duodenum

Question 22

parts of the large intestine beginning and the oleo-caecal valve

Answer 22

Caecum
Ascending colon
Hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
Splenic flexure
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 23

3 branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the gut

Answer 23

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

Question 24

what does the coeliac trunk supply

Answer 24

foregut - up to the halfway point of the duodenum

Question 25

what part of the gut does the SMA supply

Answer 25

the midgut - second half of duodenum to 2/3 the way of the transverse colon (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon, transverse)

Question 26

what part of the gut does the IMA supply

Answer 26

the hind gut - from 2/3 of the way of the transverse colon to the rectum (transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum)

Question 27

the 3 salivary glands

Answer 27

parotid gland sublingual gland sub mandibular gland

Question 28

what pleura lines the organs

Answer 28

visceral

Question 29

pleura lining the ribcage

Answer 29

parietal

Question 30

where does the rectus abdomens run from and to

Answer 30

runs from the diploid process to the pubic crest

Question 31

functions of the rectus abdominus

Answer 31

respiration, coughing and sneezing urination, defamation and childbirth lifting heavy objects

Question 32

top right region of the abdomen

Answer 32

right hypochondriac

Question 33

top middle region of the abdomen

Answer 33

epigastric

Question 34

top left region of the abdomen

Answer 34

left hypochondriac

Question 35

middle right region of the abdomen

Answer 35

right lumbar

Question 36

middle central region of the abdomen

Answer 36

umbilical

Question 37

middle left region of the abdomen

Answer 37

left lumbar

Question 38

bottom right region of the abdomen

Answer 38

right iliac fossa

Question 39

bottom middle region of the abdomen

Answer 39

hypogastric region

Question 40

bottom left region of the abdomen

Answer 40

left iliac fossa

Question 41

2 vertical lines separating the abdomen

Answer 41

mid clavicular | originate half way along the clavicles

Question 42

superior horizontal line dividing abdomen

Answer 42

Trans-pyloric plane

Question 43

where are the plicate circulars found

Answer 43

mucous membrane of the small intestine - increase SA

Question 44

greater omentum

Answer 44

hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach, folds back on itself where it attaches to the transverse colon contains many lymph nodes

Question 45

shape of the stomach

Answer 45

J-shaped

Question 46

2 borders and surfaces of the stomach

Answer 46

greater and lesser curvatures | anterior and posterior

Question 47

most proximal portion of the small intestines

Answer 47

duodenum

Question 48

how many parts are the of the duodenum

Answer 48

4 parts

Question 49

properties of the jejunum

Answer 49

thick wall longer vasa recta less arcades

Question 50

properties of the ileum

Answer 50

thin wall short vasa recta more arcades pink

Question 51

what is the appendix connected to

Answer 51

the caecum

Question 52

what is the ascending colon

Answer 52

start of colon retroperitineal structure ascends superiorly turns 90 degrees at robe lobe of liver

Question 53

transverse colon

Answer 53

extends from the right colic flexure to the spleen, turns 90 degrees to point inferiorly is intraperitoneal

Question 54

descending colon

Answer 54

moves inferiorly towards pelvis | retroperitoneal

Question 55

sigmoid colon

Answer 55

40cm long lower left quadrant of abdomen S-shape attached to posterior pelvic wall by mesentery

Question 56

mesentery of small intestine

Answer 56

double fold of peritoneal tissue attaches to the back of abdominal wall blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics branch through mesentery to supply to the intestine

Question 57

what is found in the ileum

Answer 57

payers patches

Question 58

what are payers patches

Answer 58

small masses of lymphatic tissue

Question 59

difference between jejunal and ileal arcades

Answer 59

jejunum has less

Question 60

3 external features of Large intestine

Answer 60

appendices epiplocia taenae coli haustrations

Question 61

appendices epiplocia

Answer 61

fat lobules - most abundant in sigmoid colon

Question 62

teanae coli

Answer 62

3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle

Question 63

haustrations

Answer 63

repeated bulges

Question 64

what is Meckel's diverticulum

Answer 64

bulge in lower SI | congenital, left over of umbilical cord

Question 65

what is the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 65

last of the 3 branches of the aorta arises at L3 retroperitineal

Question 66

what are the 3 branches of the IMA

Answer 66

left colic artery sigmoid artery superior renal artery

Question 67

left colic artery

Answer 67

supplies distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon and the descending colon

Question 68

sigmoid artery

Answer 68

supply descending colon and sigmoid colon

Question 69

superior renal artery

Answer 69

supplies rectum | continuation of IMA

Question 70

where does the abdominal aorta arise and end

Answer 70

continuation of thoracic aorta at T12 | ends at L4 where it bifurcates into right and left common iliac arteries

Question 71

most superior anterior branch of abdominal aorta

Answer 71

celiac trunk

Question 72

What is the middle anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

Answer 72

SMA

Question 73

What is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

Answer 73

IMA

Question 74

branches of the SMA

Answer 74

middle colic artery right colic artery ileocolic artery jejunal and ill arteries

Question 75

branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 75

left gastric common hepatic splenic

Question 76

branches of the IMA

Answer 76

left colic artery, sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery

Question 77

what are vasa recta

Answer 77

series of straight capillaries

Question 78

lesser omentum

Answer 78

double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum