week 4 - liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen

Question 1

location of liver in the abdomen

Answer 1

right hypochondrium and episode gastric, extends into the left hypochondriac

Question 2

function of the liver

Answer 2

filter blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to rest of body
detoxifies chemicals, metabolises drugs
secretes bile that goes to intestines

Question 3

two vessels that provide blood supply to the liver

Answer 3

hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery proper

Question 4

what does the Hepatic portal vein supply

Answer 4

Nutrient rich blood from the GI tract to the liver

Question 5

two surfaces of the liver

Answer 5

diaphragmatic surface

visceral surface

Question 6

location of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver

Answer 6

it is the antereosuperior surface
smooth and convex between the diaphragm
posterior aspect not covered by peritoneum

Question 7

what surface of the liver is not covered by the visceral peritoneum

Answer 7

the bare area

Question 8

parts of the visceral surface not covered by peritoneum

Answer 8

fossa of the gall bladder and the aorta hepatic

Question 9

what is the falciform ligament

Answer 9

attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal fall and forms natural anatomical division between the right and left lobes of the liver

Question 10

what do the free edges of the falciform ligament contain

Answer 10

the ligamentum teres

Question 11

what is the ligamentum teres

Answer 11

a remnant of the umbilical vein

Question 12

function of the coronary ligament

Answer 12

attaches the superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 13

what does the coronary ligament demarcate

Answer 13

the bare area of the liver

Question 14

what do the anterior and posterior folds of the coronary ligament unite to form

Answer 14

the triangular ligaments on the right and left lobes of the liver

Question 15

what does the left triangular ligament attach

Answer 15

the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm

Question 16

what does the right triangular ligament attach

Answer 16

right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm

Question 17

what does the lesser momentum attach

Answer 17

attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum

Question 18

what does the lesser momentum consist of

Answer 18

hepatoduodenal ligament

hepatogastric ligament

Question 19

what surrounds the portal triad

Answer 19

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 20

what are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 20

left
right
caudate
quadrate

Question 21

what are the accessory lobes of the liver and where to they arise from

Answer 21

caudate and quadrate

arise from the right lobe, located on visceral surface

Question 22

caudate lobe of liver

Answer 22

located on upper aspect of the visceral surface

lies between the IVC and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum

Question 23

quadrate lobe of liver

Answer 23

located on the lower select of the visceral surface

lies between the gall bladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres

Question 24

what separates the caudate and quadrate lobes

Answer 24

the porta hepatis

Question 25

function of the aorta hepatis

Answer 25

transmits all the vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver with the exception of the hepatic veins.

Question 26

cells of the liver

Answer 26

hepatocytes arranged into lobules

Question 27

shape of lobules

Answer 27

hexagonal

Question 28

3 structures at periphery of the hexagon

Answer 28

portal triad: - arteriole - branch of the hepatic artery entering the liver - venue - branch of the hepatic portal vein entering the liver - bile duct - branch of the bile duct leaving the liver

Question 29

what runs through the centre of the hexagons

Answer 29

interlobular vein (the hepatic vein)

Question 30

what nerve runs through the portal triad

Answer 30

vagus nerve

Question 31

gall bladder

Answer 31

stores and concentrates bile reservoir for bile pear shaped organ dark green in colour

Question 32

cystic duct

Answer 32

short duct that joins the gall bladder to the common bile duct lies next to cystic artery

Question 33

what is the cardia

Answer 33

region where the oesophagus connects to the stomach | closest region to the heart

Question 34

what is the fundus

Answer 34

projects upwards from cardia | forms bulge above level of opening of the oesophagus

Question 35

what does the body of the stomach contain

Answer 35

Rugae - increases surface area | aids in churning and breakdown of food

Question 36

what is the antrum

Answer 36

wider part of the pylorus narrower part of stomach proximal to the pyloric canal

Question 37

pyloric sphincter

Answer 37

smooth band of muscle at junction between the pylorus and duodenum seen as gap in barium proximal

Question 38

location of right gastric artery

Answer 38

lesser curvature of stomach, side of stomach where pylorus connects to the duodenum branches form common hepatic

Question 39

left gastric artery

Answer 39

arises from the celiac artery | anastomoses with the right gastric artery along the lesser curvature

Question 40

right gastro-epiploic artery

Answer 40

blood vessels found in abdomen + stomach last section of the gasproduodenal artery runs along greater curvature of stomach

Question 41

left gastro-epiploic artery

Answer 41

extension of the splenic artery | anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic

Question 42

Rugae

Answer 42

series of ridges, on internal walls of stomach mainly in the body aids in churning and digestion of food

Question 43

at what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm

Answer 43

T10

Question 44

location of the pancreas

Answer 44

posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach

Question 45

5 parts of the pancreas

Answer 45

``` head ucinate process neck body tail ```

Question 46

head of pancreas

Answer 46

widest part - lies within C-shaped curve of duodenum connected by connective tissue

Question 47

ucinate process

Answer 47

projection arising from lower part of head and extends medially to beneath body of pancreas lies posterior to superior mesenteric vessels

Question 48

body of pancreas

Answer 48

crosses abdominal aorta and kidney | supplied by splenic artery, drained by splenic vein

Question 49

tail of pancreas

Answer 49

supplied bu splenic artery | lies close within proximity of hilum of the spleen

Question 50

pancreas in relation in to IVC and aorta

Answer 50

aorta runs behind pancreas | IVC related to posterior surface

Question 51

what is the coeliac trunk and where does it supply

Answer 51

``` 1st major branch of the aorta supplies blood to the: stomach spleen liver oesophagus pancreas duodenum ```

Question 52

common hepatic artery

Answer 52

branch off coeliac trunk | splits into right proper hepatic, right gastric and right gastroduodenal

Question 53

splenic artery

Answer 53

splits into 3: short gastric - stomach left gastroepiploic - greater curvature of stomach splenic - spleen and pancreas

Question 54

splenic vein

Answer 54

drains blood from the spleen, stomach fungus and pancreas

Question 55

pancreatic duct

Answer 55

joins the bile duct - hepatopancreatic ampulla of water. opens at the duodenal papilla

Question 56

common bile duct

Answer 56

small tube like, formed where common hepatic and cystic ducts meet. carriers bile from gallbladder to duodenum

Question 57

hernia

Answer 57

profusion of fissure thought defect in abdominal wall

Question 58

where does the inferior mesenteric vein terminate

Answer 58

terminates when reaches splenic vein.

Question 59

hilum of spleen

Answer 59

relate to tail of pancreas, spleen vessels and lymph nodes

Question 60

splenic nodules

Answer 60

non-cancerous lesions in spleen. Benign nodules o f clotted blood