week 2 - heart and vessels

Question 1

4 borders of the heart

Answer 1

superior border of left atria
superior border of right atria
apex of the heart
inferior border of right atria

Question 2

location of superior border of left atria

Answer 2

lower border of second costal cartilage

Question 3

location of superior border of right atria

Answer 3

upper border of 3rd costal cartilage

Question 4

location of inferior border of right atria

Answer 4

upper border of 6th costal cartilage

Question 5

location of the apex of the heart

Answer 5

5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line

Question 6

why are the 4 corners locations clinically important

Answer 6

they are the 4 osculatory sites used for listening to heart sounds

Question 7

what attaches the heart to the diaphragm

Answer 7

the pericardium

Question 8

2 structures of the heart obvious on x-ray

Answer 8

arch of the aorta

apex

Question 9

what are the other blood vessels Bettie seen on

Answer 9

an angiogram

Question 10

major trunk of left ventricle

Answer 10

ascending aorta

Question 11

branches of the arch of the aorta

Answer 11

branches into 3:

• brachiocephalic trunk
• left common carotid artery
• left subclavian artery

Question 12

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 12

splits into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

Question 13

subclavian arteries - location

Answer 13

located below the clavicle

Question 14

right subclavian artery

Answer 14

supplies blood to the right arm, head and thorax

Question 15

the right common carotid artery is a branch off the ?

Answer 15

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 16

the right subclavian artery is a branch off ?

Answer 16

the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 17

second branch off the aorta

Answer 17

the left common carotid artery

Question 18

function of the left common carotid artery

Answer 18

supplies the brain, neck and face

Question 19

third branch off the aorta

Answer 19

left subclavian artery

Question 20

function of the left subclavian artery

Answer 20

supplies the left arm

Question 21

brachiocephalic trunk is what branch

Answer 21

1st aortic branch

Question 22

the left common carotid artery

Answer 22

2nd aortic branch.

Question 23

right internal jugular vein

Answer 23

combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed into the inferior vena cava

Question 24

the right atrium is pierced by

Answer 24

the superior vena cava which carries de-oxy blood

Question 25

What do all of the coronary veins drain into

Answer 25

coronary sinus

Question 26

Coronary sinus drains into what chamber

Answer 26

the right atrium

Question 27

Why is the left ventricle thicker walled

Answer 27

higher forces needed to pump blood through the systemic circuit (around the body) compared to the pulmonary circuit.

Question 28

What are the internally irregular muscle columns called

Answer 28

trabeculae carneae cordis

Question 29

What forms the apex of the heart

Answer 29

the left ventricle

Question 30

tricuspid valve

Answer 30

separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

Question 31

when does the tricuspid valve open

Answer 31

opens due to high pressure in the atrium

Question 32

pulmonary valve

Answer 32

separates the right ventricle from pulmonary circulation | 3 leaflets

Question 33

how many leaflets in the tricuspid valve

Answer 33

3 leaflets

Question 34

what anchors the tricuspid valve to the wall

Answer 34

chordae tendinae

Question 35

mitral valve

Answer 35

separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

Question 36

leaflets of mitral valve

Answer 36

2

Question 37

aortic valve

Answer 37

separates the left ventricle from systemic circulation

Question 38

chordae tendinae

Answer 38

chord-like tendons, connect the papillary muscles to the tri and bi cuspid valves relaxed in atrial systole tense in ventricular systole

Question 39

state of chordae tendinae when valves are open

Answer 39

relaxed

Question 40

what is the fossa ovalis

Answer 40

depression between right and left atrium. At newborns first breath, a fibrous sheath covers the foramen ovale creating the fossa ovals

Question 41

function of the foramen ovalis

Answer 41

used in utero to bypass pulmonary circulation

Question 42

name of foramen ovals when closed

Answer 42

fossa ovalis

Question 43

what is the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 43

small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth. superior end, the ligamentum attaches to the aorta—at the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta.

Question 44

ductus arteriosus

Answer 44

blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.

Question 45

name of ductus arteriosus when closed

Answer 45

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 46

location of the left coronary artery

Answer 46

runs down the left ventricle

Question 47

what does the left coronary artery split into

Answer 47

splits anteriorly into the anterior inter ventricular artery | splits posteriorly into the circumflex artery

Question 48

what does the right coronary artery split into

Answer 48

acute marginal arteries and the right posterior coronary artery

Question 49

function of the inter ventricular artery

Answer 49

supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex and inter ventricular septum. Supplies 50% of the left ventricle so is a critical vessel

Question 50

function of the circumflex artery

Answer 50

supplies the posteriolateral left ventricle and also the SAN in 35% of people

Question 51

function of the marginal artery

Answer 51

supplies all of the surfaces of the right ventricle

Question 52

function of the posterior inter ventricular artery

Answer 52

supplies the posterior inter ventricular septum

Question 53

coronary sinus

Answer 53

collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle

Question 54

natural pacemaker of the heart

Answer 54

sino atrial node (SAN)

Question 55

Atrioventricular node

Answer 55

part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects the atria and ventricles.

Question 56

what is the inter ventricular septum

Answer 56

wall separating ventricles form each other | contributes to the pumping action of the left ventricles as more posteriorly is thicker

Question 57

where does the pulmonary trunk split

Answer 57

T5-T6