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PSYCH 239- Abnormal Psychology > Week 1 - Introduction/Different Models > Flashcards

Week 1 - Introduction/Different Models Flashcards

1
Q

According to WHO how many people worldwide deal with a mental illness?

A

15% of people over 60

20% of children and adolescents

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2
Q

What are the 4D’s in abnormal psychology?

A

1) deviance - thoughts, emotions, behaviour that differ from a society’s ideas
2) distress - need to cause ‘distress’ before can be labeled as abnormal
3) dysfunction - interferes with daily functioning
4) danger - dangerous to oneself or others

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3
Q

True or false. Dysfunction is NOT measured according to baseline daily functioning

A

False

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4
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

Unusual pattern in which no others have a right to interfere

DIFFERENT from abnormal that REQUIRES intervention

Ex) me living with two dozen cats and rarely talks to other people

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5
Q

According to clinical theorist Jerome Frank all forms of therapy have what 3 essential features?

A

1) SUFFERER who seeks help from the healer
2) trained, socially accepted HEALER
3) SERIES OF CONTACTS, b/w healer and sufferer, tries to produce certain changes in their behavioural/emotional state

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6
Q

True or false. Much of the risk for danger seems to be associated with other factors besides the illness itself.

A

True

Can include substance abuse or exposure to violence etc…

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7
Q

The “population attribution risk” of violence from mental illness alone is “__%”

A

4%

95% of violence is due to OTHER factors

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8
Q

True to false. Relative risk for suicide is 12:1 greater risk for men compared to women

A

False

Greater for women

DOES vary by condition

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9
Q

True or false. People with mental illness are far more to cause more harm then experience it

A

False

Far more likely to EXPERIENCE harm

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10
Q

History is NOT “_______ and ________,” but rather full of “_______ and _______”

A

Linear and progressive

Ideas and paradigms

PARADIGMS shift and take over one another

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11
Q

How does Kuhn describe paradigms?

A

Models/paradigms emerge during periods of “crisis,” when something can’t be solved by the EXISTING paradigm

Old one can become absolute or remain useful

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12
Q

Science only becomes “_________” when people accept the new paradigm and start working with it

A

Normal

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13
Q

A model is a “_____________” version of reality

A

Simplified

It’s possible for a model to be too specific - eliminates its utility

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14
Q

How do biological theorists explain abnormal behaviour?

Where do they think abnormal problems arise from ?

A

Medical perspective

Illness brought about by MALFUNCTIONING parts of the organism

Point to problems in the brain (neurons), or endocrine system (hormones)

Cell death, neurotransmitter imbalances, atypical formation of neuronal activity

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15
Q

What is the “fear circuit” in terms of the biological perspective?

A

Involves prefrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, insula

Helps produce FEAR reactions

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16
Q

Do genes and evolution play a part in determining abnormality in terms of the biological perspective?

A

YES

Gene may be a MUTATION (accident/passed down)

Fear = helped save those from danger/war to continue reproducing

^^ may have contribution to anxiety disorders/psychological patterns

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17
Q

How would abnormal patients get treated in terms of the biological perspective?

A

Psychotropic medications (anti-depressive/anxiety0

Electroconvulsive therapy (controversial)

Psychosurgery (lobotomy, trephining)

18
Q

How do psychodynamic theorists explain abnormal behaviour?

A

Formed by Freud

Persons behaviour is determined by underlying psychological forces, unconscious thoughts, and they interact with each other (dynamic)

Deterministic assumption that ALL behaviour is determined by PAST experiences

19
Q

How did Freud explain normal and abnormal functioning?

A

ID (unconscious): instinctual drives, pleasure principle, libido fuels this

EGO (unconscious): ego defence mechanisms = controls ID, reality principle

SUPEREGO (unconscious/conscious): morality principle, what is right and wrong = conscious

20
Q

Does Freud think the three parts of personality are in conflict?

A

OFTEN in some degree of conflict

Excessive = degree of dysfunction

21
Q

What are todays 2 influential psychodynamic views?

A

1) Self-theorists: EMPATHIZE the role of self

2) Object relations theorists: people are motivated by their RELATIONSHIPS with others

22
Q

How would abnormal patients get treated in terms of a psychodynamic perspective? (4)

A

1) Free association (patient responsible for starting and leading the conversation)

2) Resistance (resisting certain aspects of therapy)

3) Transference (acting towards the therapist like they would someone in their life)

4) Dreams (repression/defence mechanisms operate less when asleep)

23
Q

What is catharsis in the psychodynamic perspective?

A

Must experience this in therapy

Reliving PAST REPRESSED feelings to settle conflict and problems

24
Q

How would cognitive-behaviour theorists explain abnormal behaviour?

A

Focuses on behaviours people display and the thoughts they have

Also interested on the INTERPLAY between them

25
Q

How would abnormal patients get treated in terms of a cognitive-behavioural perspective?

A

Classical conditioning

Modelling

Operant conditioning

26
Q

What can exposure therapy be used for?

A

Society anxiety disorder

27
Q

Nearly “______” of todays clinical psychologists report that their approach is “_____________ and or ___________”

A

Half

Cognitive

Behavioural

28
Q

What are some drawbacks of the cognitive-behavioural perspective?

A

Narrow in certain ways, there’s more aspects of human functioning

Problems could be a RESULT rather than a CAUSE of their difficulties

29
Q

How would a humanistic-existential theorists explain abnormal behaviour?

A

Believe that human beings are born with a NATURAL tendency to be friendly, cooperative and constructive

Driven to SELF-ACTUALIZE

Need to accept weaknesses and strengths

30
Q

“________ __________” is known as the pioneer of the humanistic perspective

A

Carl Rogers

Unconditional positive regard

Unconditional self regard

Conditions of worth

31
Q

How would an abnormal patient get treated in terms of a humanistic-existential perspective?

A

Client-centered therapy

Gestalt therapy

Existential therapy - encouraged to accept responsibility for their lives and for their problems

32
Q

How would family-social theorists explain abnormal behaviour?

A

Should concentrate on BROAD forces that operate DIRECTLY on individuals as they move through life (family relationships, social interactions, community events)

33
Q

Family-social theorists focus on what 3 factors?

A

1) Social labels/roles
2) Social networks
3) Family structure and communication

34
Q

How would abnormal patients get treated in terms of the family-social theorists perspective?

A

Group therapy (support group)

Family therapy

Couple therapy

Community treatment

Cultural-sensitive therapies/gender-sensitive therapies

35
Q

What are some drawbacks of the sociocultural model?

A

Research findings are often difficult to interpret

Inability to predict abnormality in SPECIFIC individuals

36
Q

What are biopsychosocial theories?

A

Integrated model of everything

Abnormality results from INTERACTION of genetic, biological, emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social, cultural and societal differences

37
Q

What was the developmental psychopathy perspective?

A

Uses developmental framework to understand how variables collectively account for human functioning (adaptive and maladaptive)

EQUIFINALITY- # different disorders can lead to one disorder

MULTIFINALITY - person who has experienced multiple similar developmental variables, may have different clinical outcomes

38
Q

What are some drawbacks of the existentialist model?

A

Problems arise when people engage in SELF-DECEPTION

Lack of authenticity leads to ALIENATION

39
Q

What is the somatogenic perspective?

A

View that abnormal psychology functioning has PHYSICAL causes

40
Q

What is the psychogenic perspective?

A

View that the cause of abnormal functioning is PSYCHOLOGICAL

41
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

Study of (+) feelings, traits and abilities

To better understand and promote psychological wellness

42
Q

What are managed care programs?

A

Programs in which the insurance company determines key issues, as which therapists the clients choose, cost of sessions, and the # of sessions for which a client may be REINBURSED

PSYCH 239- Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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