Week 1: Why Do We Need Psychotherapy Research?

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

set of techniques believed to cure/help solve behavioral and other psychological problems in humans

Question 2

four main psychotherapeutic orientations

Answer 2

1) psychoanalytical and psychodynamic therapies
2) humanistic and experiental psychotherapies
3) family therapy
4) cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies

Question 3

three factors that underlie the tree

Answer 3

1. relational factors
2. client factors
3. therapist factors

Question 4

3 approaches to psychotherapy

Answer 4

1) emotion-focused therapy
2) psychoanalytic therapy
3) cognitive therapy

Question 5

1) emotion-focused therapy

Answer 5

• focuses on empathic attunement to the client and emotional awareness and transformation
• integrates humanistic experiental therapies and neuroscience

Question 6

2) psychoanalytical therapy

Answer 6

• emphasizes the unconscious source of emotional suffering
• relationship therapist and client is vehicle of change
• focus on how past gets reenacted in the present

Question 7

3) cognitive therapy

Answer 7

focus on automatic maladaptive thoughts, how that makes people feel, and what behavior results from it

Question 8

history of psychotherapy

Answer 8

• Beck & Ellis –> developed RBT and developed CBT
• Freud: founder psychoanalysis
• early 20th century: behaviourists (inspiration for CBT)
• Mesmer: idea to restore balance, magnetism to solve mental problems

Question 9

evidence-based psychotherapy

Answer 9

various treatment methods are promoted as evidence-based by citing the number of RCTs providing evidence that it exceeded placebo/other treatments

Question 10

common factors

Answer 10

the effectiveness of all treatments is due, in some part, to factors common to all treatments
(like a good, caring, therapist)

Question 11

Dodo Bird Verdict

Answer 11

all psychotherapies are equivalent because of common factors
- but: meta-analysis do show differences between therapies

Question 12

evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP)

Answer 12

the careful, explicit application of the best current evidence, so that decisions can be made for individual patients
- patient (diagnosis, prognosis and preference)
- evidence (from research)
- clinician (expertise, facilities and preference)
–> decision regaring therapeutic processes

Question 13

types of clinical questions

Answer 13

• kind of treatment
• diagnosis
• prognosis
• etiology/harm

Question 14

7 steps of a Critical Appraisal of a Topic (CAT)

Answer 14

patient (practice)
1) clinical scenario
2) clinical questions
science (literature)
3) literature research
4) critical evaluation paper
5) evidence
translation (expert)
6) commentary: explicate decision (EBP)
patient (practice)
7) bottom line

Question 15

PICO pt. 2

Answer 15

about 1) clinical scenario and 2) clinical question –> asking the right question
a good question includes:
Patient problem/Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome(s)