Week 10 - Accessory Organs of Digestive System & Metabolism

Question 1

Fill in the blank:

1. The liver is located in the ___________ quadrant of the abdomen

Answer 1

right upper

Question 2

Fill in the blank:

2. __________ is the pigment formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin, processed by the liver.

Answer 2

Bilirubin

Question 3

Fill in the blank:

3. The gallbladder stores and concentrates __________.

Answer 3

bile

Question 4

Fill in the blank:

4. The endocrine part of the pancreas releases __________ and __________.

Answer 4

insulin and glucagon

Question 5

Fill in the blank:

5. __________ metabolism refers to the breakdown of glucose to produce energy.

Answer 5

Carbohydrate

Question 6

Fill in the blank:

6. The structural and functional cells of the liver are called __________.

Answer 6

hepatocytes

Question 7

Fill in the blank:

7. __________ metabolism involves breaking down molecules to release energy.

Answer 7

catabolic

Question 8

Fill in the blank:

8. The gallbladder is located beneath the __________ lobe of the liver.

Answer 8

right

Question 9

Fill in the blank:

9. The pancreas has both __________ and __________ functions.

Answer 9

endocrine and exocrine

Question 10

Fill in the blank:

10. The liver stores glucose in the form of __________.

Answer 10

glycogen

Question 11

Fill in the blank:

11. __________ are the main functional cells of the liver responsible for metabolism and detoxification.

Answer 11

Hepatocytes

Question 12

Fill in the blank:

12. The __________ supplies oxygenated blood to the liver.

Answer 12

hepatic artery

Question 13

Fill in the blank:

13. The gallbladder releases bile into the __________ via the ____________ duct.

Answer 13

dudodemun
common bile duct

Question 14

Fill in the blank:

14. __________ is the anabolic process of building up muscle tissue.

Answer 14

Protein synthesis

Question 15

2. Describe the role of bile in digestion.

Answer 15

Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, making them easier to digest by lipase

Question 16

3. What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Answer 16

Insulin helps lower blood glucose by allowing cells to take in glucose and
promoting glycogen storage in the liver.

Question 17

4. How does the pancreas help regulate blood sugar levels?

Answer 17

The pancreas releases insulin and glucagon to lower or raise blood sugar
as needed.

Question 18

5. Why is the liver important in drug metabolism?

Answer 18

The liver metabolizes many drugs, detoxifying and preparing them for
excretion.

Question 19

6. List three anabolic processes in the human body.

Answer 19

Protein synthesis, DNA replication, fat storage

Question 20

7. What are the primary functions of hepatocytes?

Answer 20

Detoxify blood, produce bile, store glycogen, synthesize proteins,
metabolize drugs

Question 21

8. Explain how bile aids in fat digestion.

Answer 21

: Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzymes like lipase to
digest them.

Question 22

9. Describe how the pancreas contributes to both digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Answer 22

It secretes enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease) and hormones (insulin,
glucagon) to manage digestion and glucose.

Question 23

11. What is meant by Glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

• Glycolysis - break down of glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP
• glycogenesis - the conversion of glucose into glycogen.
• glycogenolysis - the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
• gluconeogenesis - the manufacture of glucose from non-carbohydrate
  sources, mostly protein.

Question 24

12. How does bile help in digestion?

Answer 24

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzymes like lipase to
digest them.

Question 25

13. Explain the dual role (endocrine and exocrine) of the pancreas.

Answer 25

Endocrine: secretes insulin and glucagon; Exocrine: secretes digestive enzymes via pancreatic duct.

Question 26

14. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism

Answer 26

Carries nutrient-rich blood like monosaccharides, amino acids and medications from the jejunum to the liver for processing.

Question 27

15. What is the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 27

carry nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs (like the stomach and intestines) to the liver for processing and detoxification before it enters the general circulation.

Question 28

16. Define Metabolism

Answer 28

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. These reactions include both anabolic processes (building up molecules) and catabolic processes (breaking down molecules to release energy).

Question 29

True or False 1. The liver is capable of regenerating itself.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

True or False 2. Bile is produced in the gallbladder.

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

True or False 3. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

True or False 4. Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

True or False 5. The gallbladder secretes insulin.

Answer 33

False.

Question 34

True or False 6. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

True or False 7. Hepatocytes can regenerate after liver injury.

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

True or False 8. Bile is stored in the liver.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

true or false 9. Catabolism requires energy input.

Answer 37

False.

Question 38

true or false 10. The gallbladder is essential for bile production

Answer 38

False.

Question 39

True or False 11. The liver has a dual blood supply.

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

True or False 12. Bile is synthesized by the gallbladder

Answer 40

False.

Question 41

True or False 13. The pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the jejunum.

Answer 41

False.

Question 42

True or False 14. Anabolism requires energy input.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

True or False 15. The gallbladder is part of the endocrine system.

Answer 43

False.

Question 44

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which vein brings nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver? a) Hepatic vein b) Hepatic portal vein c) Inferior vena cava d) Renal vein

Answer 44

b) Hepatic portal vein

Question 45

Multiple Choice Questions 2. Which structure stores and concentrates bile? a) Liver b) Gallbladder c) Pancreas d) Duodenum

Answer 45

b) Gallbladder

Question 46

Multiple Choice Questions 3. What are the primary functional cells of the liver? a) Islets of Langerhans b) Acinar cells c) Hepatocytes d) Sinusoids

Answer 46

c) Hepatocytes

Question 47

Multiple Choice Questions 4. Insulin is secreted by which part of the pancreas? a) Acinar cells b) Ductal cells c) Islets of Langerhans d) Hepatic portal system

Answer 47

c) Islets of Langerhans

Question 48

Multiple Choice Questions 5. Catabolism is a metabolic process that: a) Builds complex molecules b) Uses energy to grow cells c) Breaks down molecules to release energy d) Stores fat for future use

Answer 48

c) Breaks down molecules to release energy

Question 49

functional cells of the liver

Answer 49

hepatocytes

Question 50

Pancreatic hormone which raises BGL

Answer 50

Glucagon

Question 51

Enzyme that breaks down starches

Answer 51

Amylase

Question 52

Concetractes and stores bile

Answer 52

Gallbladder

Question 53

Enzyme that breaks down fats

Answer 53

Lipase

Question 54

Synthesis of molecules

Answer 54

Analbolism

Question 55

Breakdown of molecules for energy

Answer 55

Catabolism

Question 56

Supplies oxygenates blood to liver

Answer 56

Hepatic artery

Question 57

Endocrine and exocrine gland

Answer 57

pancreas