Week 10- Applications to Clinical Practice

Question 1

What are the legal obligations of veterinarians?

Answer 1

Awareness of animal welfare legislation, potential prosecution by the RSPCA, deregistration by veterinary board

Community expects vets to provide advice and care for all animals.

Question 2

Why is legal permission required for animal research?

Answer 2

Animal research has been controversial since the 19th century and requires legal permission in postindustrial countries

This is due to the significant ethical concerns surrounding animal welfare.

Question 3

What is the primary ethical theory underpinning animal use in research?

Answer 3

Consequentialism, specifically utilitarianism

This theory emphasizes human wellbeing as a key benefit of animal research.

Question 4

What are the three Rs in animal research ethics?

Answer 4

Replacement, Reduction, Refinement

These principles aim to minimize harm to animals in research.

Question 5

What does ‘Replacement’ refer to in the three Rs?

Answer 5

Using alternative methods to replace the use of animals in research

Techniques should be sought wherever possible.

Question 6

What does ‘Reduction’ mean in the context of animal research?

Answer 6

Minimizing the number of animals used in experiments

Ensures scientific and statistical validity without unnecessary repetition.

Question 7

What does ‘Refinement’ entail in animal research?

Answer 7

Improving techniques to minimize pain and distress in animals

This includes better pain relief and enrichment methods.

Question 8

What is a humane endpoint in animal research?

Answer 8

The point at which an animal should be removed or humanely killed to minimize suffering

It is crucial for ethical research practices.

Question 9

What is the role of Animal Ethics Committees (AECs)?

Answer 9

To review and approve research proposals involving animal use based on ethical considerations

They ensure compliance with animal welfare legislation.

Question 10

What are the different names for animal ethics committees around the world?

Answer 10

AECs in Australia and New Zealand, IACUCs in the USA, ACCs in Canada

Each country has its own regulations and naming conventions.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes?

Answer 11

To promote ethical, humane, and responsible care and use of animals in research

It outlines the responsibilities of various stakeholders in animal research.

Question 12

What is the minimum membership requirement for an Animal Ethics Committee?

Answer 12

At least four members, including a veterinarian, a researcher, an animal welfare advocate, and a lay person

This diverse membership ensures a comprehensive review process.

Question 13

What should researchers ensure before beginning animal-based research?

Answer 13

Obtain AEC approval and ensure compliance with the approved procedures

Publishing research requires prior AEC approval.

Question 14

What is the importance of reporting adverse events to the AEC?

Answer 14

To maintain ethical standards and address any compliance issues promptly

This ensures the welfare of research animals is prioritized.

Question 15

What are contentious research methods in animal studies?

Answer 15

Methods that raise ethical concerns due to the harm they may cause to animals

These methods are often debated within the scientific community.

Question 16

What is the role of veterinarians in animal-based research?

Answer 16

Teachers, researchers, consultants on animal care, or members of AECs

Their expertise is vital in ensuring animal welfare in research.

Question 17

What are the main categories of preferences for human and pet food types related to animal products?

Answer 17

• Vegetarianism
• Pescatarianism
• Veganism
• Paleo
• Raw food
• Unnamed

Question 18

True or False: Communities expect vets to be animal welfare experts.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What does the Harms model consider in relation to animal welfare?

Answer 19

Welfare of all animals affected by human processes

Question 20

What are the types of harms outlined in the Harms model?

Answer 20

• Direct and intentional harms
• Unintentional but direct harms
• Unintentional and indirect harms

Question 21

What are the findings of the 2021 study regarding food production and animal welfare?

Answer 21

Different food production systems cause varying levels of harm to wild and domestic animals

Question 22

What is the least harmful food production method identified?

Answer 22

Mushroom harvesting

Question 23

What type of farming has the greatest breadth of harms?

Answer 23

Dairy farming

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Insect farming is typically not protected by existing _______.

Answer 24

animal welfare regulations

Question 25

What concerns exist around vegan pet food?

Answer 25

* Nutrient deficiencies * Taurine * Cobalamin (B12) * Folate (B9)

Question 26

What is a primary concern regarding feeding raw food to pets?

Answer 26

Risk of bacterial contamination

Question 27

What is the argument for feeding raw food to pets?

Answer 27

Allows display of natural behaviour

Question 28

What is the conflict between processed food and raw food for pets?

Answer 28

* Processed food vs. Raw food * Biological function vs. Natural behaviour

Question 29

What are the animal welfare concerns associated with feeding live prey to captive carnivores?

Answer 29

Pain and fear suffered by prey animals

Question 30

What is the only generally acceptable circumstance for live feeding?

Answer 30

Feeding invertebrates

Question 31

True or False: Most trends in human diets have been mirrored in pet diets in affluent societies.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What are the potential consequences of a raw food diet in large breed puppies?

Answer 32

Osteopenia and enlarged facial bones

Question 33

What is the key piece of legislation guiding the scientific use of animals in Australia? a.The Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018). b.The Australian Animal Welfare Act (2002). c.The Code for Responsible Scientific Animal Use in Australia and New Zealand (2008). d.The Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (2013)

Answer 33

The Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (2013)

Question 34

Under the Animal Welfare Act (2002) in Western Australia, how much may a person be fined if convicted of an offence other than cruelty? a.$2,000–$5,000. b.$2,000–$20,000. c.$2,000–$50,000. d.$2,000–$250,000.

Answer 34

$2,000–$20,000.

Question 35

For which nutrients have there been particular concerns around deficiencies in relation to the feeding of vegan diets to pet dogs and cats? a.Taurine, Cobalamin, Folate. b.Lysine, Vitamin B4, Vitamin B9. c.Carnitine, Vitamin A, Vitamin E. d.Indospicine, Methionine, Vitamin K.

Answer 35

a.Taurine, Cobalamin, Folate.

Question 36

What is the most prominent argument against the feeding of raw food to pet cats and dogs? a.The risk of provoking predatory aggression. b.The risk of bacterial contamination. c.Uncertainty regarding nutrient completeness. d.Social justice concerns relating to availability for disadvantaged peoples.

Answer 36

b.The risk of bacterial contamination.

Question 38

What are the five categories of members for an Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) in Australia? What qualifications are required for each category of member?

Answer 38

A = a veterinarian B = an animal researcher C = an animal welfare advocate D= an independent community member E = animal care staff. The category that is not mandatory is E.

Question 39

What year did terminal pig surgeries cease at murdoch?

Answer 39

2024

Question 40

What year did greyhound use for dissection cease?

Answer 40

2016